Carbon nanotube-containing polybutadiene-based electrospun fibres ultraviolet-cross-linked with pentaerythritol triacrylate as interpenetrating polymer networks
6 affiliations
- 1Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences 1 , Vienna, Austria
- 2Chair of Casting Research, Montanuniversität Leoben 2 , Leoben, Austria
- 3Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Eskisehir Technical University 3 , Türkiye
- 4Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technical University of Vienna 4 , Vienna, Austria
- 5Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna 5 , Vienna, Austria
- 6Polymer Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University 6 , Istanbul, Türkiye
Abstract
Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) consist of two or more cross-linked polymers that are intertwined and cannot be separated, providing excellent stability and strong integration of the components. In this study, hydrophilic and semicrystalline poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was blended with hydrophobic and amorphous 1,3-polybutadiene (PBu) to form an amphiphilic material with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. This blending reduced PEO crystallinity and promoted phase separation while enabling tailored surface interactions, which is advantageous for coatings requiring strong adhesion to both polar and non-polar substrates. The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) further improved the thermal stability, mechanical performance, processing behaviour and crystallinity of the PEO–PBu blend. To achieve permanent structural integration, electrospun PEO–PBu–CNT nanofibres were subjected to UV-initiated cross-linking with pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), introducing additional covalent bonds between the polymer chains. Cross-linking reduced the flexibility and vibrational freedom of C─H bonds, as indicated by decreased Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopy peak intensity. Overall, the synergistic effects of amphiphilic blending, CNT incorporation and UV-induced cross-linking yielded IPNs with optimized crystallinity, enhanced robustness and improved interfacial interactions. These findings highlight the promise of PEO–PBu–CNT IPNs for advanced functional materials for applications, such as solid polymer electrolytes and sensors, where mechanical durability, thermal stability and controlled ionic transport are essential.
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BibTeX
@article{sarac2026carbon,
title = {{Carbon nanotube-containing polybutadiene-based electrospun fibres ultraviolet-cross-linked with pentaerythritol triacrylate as interpenetrating polymer networks}},
author = {Baran Sarac and Remzi Gürbüz and Viktor Soprunyuk and Amir Rezvan and Eray Yüce and Ali Ozcan and Wilfried Schranz and A. Sezai Sarac},
journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1098/rsos.260025},
url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/9/260025/483426/Carbon-nanotube-containing-polybutadiene-based},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Carbon nanotube-containing polybutadiene-based electrospun fibres ultraviolet-cross-linked with pentaerythritol triacrylate as interpenetrating polymer networks
AU - Baran Sarac
AU - Remzi Gürbüz
AU - Viktor Soprunyuk
AU - Amir Rezvan
AU - Eray Yüce
AU - Ali Ozcan
AU - Wilfried Schranz
AU - A. Sezai Sarac
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
JO - Royal Society Open Science
DO - 10.1098/rsos.260025
UR - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/9/260025/483426/Carbon-nanotube-containing-polybutadiene-based
AB - Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) consist of two or more cross-linked polymers that are intertwined and cannot be separated, providing excellent stability and strong integration of the components. In this study, hydrophilic and semicrystalline poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was blended with hydrophobic and amorphous 1,3-polybutadiene (PBu) to form an amphiphilic material with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. This blending reduced PEO crystallinity and promoted phase separation while enabling tailored surface interactions, which is advantageous for coatings requiring strong adhesion to both polar and non-polar substrates. The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) further improved the thermal stability, mechanical performance, processing behaviour and crystallinity of the PEO–PBu blend. To achieve permanent structural integration, electrospun PEO–PBu–CNT nanofibres were subjected to UV-initiated cross-linking with pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), introducing additional covalent bonds between the polymer chains. Cross-linking reduced the flexibility and vibrational freedom of C─H bonds, as indicated by decreased Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR)spectroscopy peak intensity. Overall, the synergistic effects of amphiphilic blending, CNT incorporation and UV-induced cross-linking yielded IPNs with optimized crystallinity, enhanced robustness and improved interfacial interactions. These findings highlight the promise of PEO–PBu–CNT IPNs for advanced functional materials for applications, such as solid polymer electrolytes and sensors, where mechanical durability, thermal stability and controlled ionic transport are essential.
SN - 2054-5703
ER -