Crystal orientation enables near-unity nonlinear circular dichroism in resonant metasurfaces
Abstract
Achieving near-unity nonlinear circular dichroism (CD) typically requires geometric symmetry breaking, making it challenging to combine helicity selectivity, resonant enhancement, and structural simplicity. We show that crystal orientation enables near-unity third-harmonic (TH) CD in highly symmetric resonant metasurfaces formed by a square lattice of circular holes in a cubic nonlinear material. Under circularly polarized excitation, strong near-field components of both helicities enabled by the rotational symmetry of the metasurface open two symmetry-allowed in-plane TH generation pathways. Crystal orientation controls their nonlinear coupling, selectively enabling destructive interference for one incident helicity. Our nonlinear temporal coupled-mode theory identifies the conditions for near-unity CD, reveals the distinct roles of pump and TH resonances, and explains the fourfold and eightfold crystal-orientation dependence. Across silicon, germanium, and diamond, we obtain resonantly enhanced TH CD exceeding 99% in the near-infrared, establishing crystal orientation as a design degree of freedom for nonlinear CD in highly symmetric metasurfaces.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{wang2026crystal,
title = {{Crystal orientation enables near-unity nonlinear circular dichroism in resonant metasurfaces}},
author = {Chi Wang and Dmitrii Gromyko and Polina Pantiukhina and Lin Wu and Kirill Koshelev},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.17600},
eprint = {2607.17600},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17600},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Crystal orientation enables near-unity nonlinear circular dichroism in resonant metasurfaces
AU - Chi Wang
AU - Dmitrii Gromyko
AU - Polina Pantiukhina
AU - Lin Wu
AU - Kirill Koshelev
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/03
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.17600
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.17600
AB - Achieving near-unity nonlinear circular dichroism (CD) typically requires geometric symmetry breaking, making it challenging to combine helicity selectivity, resonant enhancement, and structural simplicity. We show that crystal orientation enables near-unity third-harmonic (TH) CD in highly symmetric resonant metasurfaces formed by a square lattice of circular holes in a cubic nonlinear material. Under circularly polarized excitation, strong near-field components of both helicities enabled by the rotational symmetry of the metasurface open two symmetry-allowed in-plane TH generation pathways. Crystal orientation controls their nonlinear coupling, selectively enabling destructive interference for one incident helicity. Our nonlinear temporal coupled-mode theory identifies the conditions for near-unity CD, reveals the distinct roles of pump and TH resonances, and explains the fourfold and eightfold crystal-orientation dependence. Across silicon, germanium, and diamond, we obtain resonantly enhanced TH CD exceeding 99% in the near-infrared, establishing crystal orientation as a design degree of freedom for nonlinear CD in highly symmetric metasurfaces.
ER -