Reconstructing the generalized Barrow holographic dark energy with physics-informed neural networks
Abstract
Barrow holographic dark energy connects cosmic acceleration with possible quantum-gravitational deformations of horizon entropy, encoded in the Barrow exponent Δ. If such effects are scale dependent, however, there is no fundamental reason for Δ to remain constant throughout cosmic history. In this work we reconstruct Δ(z) directly from observations, without assuming any particular functional form, using the Cosmo-PINN physics-informed neural-network framework. The generalized Barrow holographic evolution equation is incorporated into the training, while PantheonPlus supernovae, DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillations and cosmic chronometers constrain the reconstruction. We find a mild and smooth redshift evolution, with the posterior mean favoring negative Δ and this tendency becoming stronger when the Cepheid calibration is included. Nevertheless, Δ=0 and constant negative values remain compatible with current uncertainties. The reconstructed cosmology yields a viable late-time evolution, with wDE close to −1 and the expected transition to accelerated expansion. Our results demonstrate that cosmological observations can directly probe the functional behavior of a quantity entering the underlying entropy law itself.
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BibTeX
@misc{basilakos2026reconstructing,
title = {{Reconstructing the generalized Barrow holographic dark energy with physics-informed neural networks}},
author = {Spyros Basilakos and Andronikos Paliathanasis and Emmanuel N. Saridakis and Stylianos A. Tsilioukas},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.27469},
eprint = {2608.27469},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27469},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Reconstructing the generalized Barrow holographic dark energy with physics-informed neural networks
AU - Spyros Basilakos
AU - Andronikos Paliathanasis
AU - Emmanuel N. Saridakis
AU - Stylianos A. Tsilioukas
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.27469
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27469
AB - Barrow holographic dark energy connects cosmic acceleration with possible quantum-gravitational deformations of horizon entropy, encoded in the Barrow exponent Δ. If such effects are scale dependent, however, there is no fundamental reason for Δ to remain constant throughout cosmic history. In this work we reconstruct Δ(z) directly from observations, without assuming any particular functional form, using the Cosmo-PINN physics-informed neural-network framework. The generalized Barrow holographic evolution equation is incorporated into the training, while PantheonPlus supernovae, DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillations and cosmic chronometers constrain the reconstruction. We find a mild and smooth redshift evolution, with the posterior mean favoring negative Δ and this tendency becoming stronger when the Cepheid calibration is included. Nevertheless, Δ=0 and constant negative values remain compatible with current uncertainties. The reconstructed cosmology yields a viable late-time evolution, with w_DE close to −1 and the expected transition to accelerated expansion. Our results demonstrate that cosmological observations can directly probe the functional behavior of a quantity entering the underlying entropy law itself.
ER -