Boson-Fermion Atomic Dark Matter
Abstract
We propose a simple scenario of boson-fermion atomic dark matter, in which the dark matter abundance originates from a primordial particle-antiparticle asymmetry. The dark sector consists of a complex scalar and a Dirac fermion carrying opposite charges under an unbroken U(1)D gauge symmetry. Their asymmetries are generated non-thermally through the CP-violating decays of heavy Majorana fermions produced by inflaton decay, in close analogy with non-thermal leptogenesis in the visible sector. The symmetric components efficiently annihilate into massless dark photons, while the surviving scalar and fermion populations cannot annihilate with each other and instead recombine into neutral boson-fermion dark atoms. Remarkably, the same interactions responsible for generating the primordial asymmetry induce atom-antiatom oscillations after recombination, so that the present-day dark matter can be approximately symmetric despite its asymmetric origin. Residual ionized components or sufficiently extended dark atoms can also give rise to appreciable dark-matter self-interactions, potentially leaving observable imprints on the formation and structure of dark matter halos and offering complementary cosmological and astrophysical probes of the dark sector. The massless dark photon survives as dark radiation, yielding a characteristic contribution ΔNeff≃0.05−0.07 for the thermal history considered here. This prediction lies within the reach of future precision CMB observations, providing a direct cosmological test of the scenario.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{nagata2026bosonfermion,
title = {{Boson-Fermion Atomic Dark Matter}},
author = {Natsumi Nagata and Tsutomu T. Yanagida},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.09592},
eprint = {2610.09592},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09592},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Boson-Fermion Atomic Dark Matter
AU - Natsumi Nagata
AU - Tsutomu T. Yanagida
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.09592
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09592
AB - We propose a simple scenario of boson-fermion atomic dark matter, in which the dark matter abundance originates from a primordial particle-antiparticle asymmetry. The dark sector consists of a complex scalar and a Dirac fermion carrying opposite charges under an unbroken U(1)_D gauge symmetry. Their asymmetries are generated non-thermally through the CP-violating decays of heavy Majorana fermions produced by inflaton decay, in close analogy with non-thermal leptogenesis in the visible sector. The symmetric components efficiently annihilate into massless dark photons, while the surviving scalar and fermion populations cannot annihilate with each other and instead recombine into neutral boson-fermion dark atoms. Remarkably, the same interactions responsible for generating the primordial asymmetry induce atom-antiatom oscillations after recombination, so that the present-day dark matter can be approximately symmetric despite its asymmetric origin. Residual ionized components or sufficiently extended dark atoms can also give rise to appreciable dark-matter self-interactions, potentially leaving observable imprints on the formation and structure of dark matter halos and offering complementary cosmological and astrophysical probes of the dark sector. The massless dark photon survives as dark radiation, yielding a characteristic contribution ΔN_eff≃0.05−0.07 for the thermal history considered here. This prediction lies within the reach of future precision CMB observations, providing a direct cosmological test of the scenario.
ER -