Retrospective cohort study measuring the disparities in post-COVID conditions among persons with disabilities: findings from primary care settings, 2019-22.
5 affiliations
- 1Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94306, United States.
- 2American Board of Family Medicine, Washington, DC 20036, United States.
- 3National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
- 4National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
- 5Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States.
Abstract
Background and aims
This study compared the incidence of post-COVID conditions by pre-pandemic disability status within primary care.Methods
This retrospective observational study used electronic health record data to identify primary care patients with ≥1 visit during January 2018-December 2019 and ≥1 visit during May 2020-December 2022. Disability status was identified using diagnostic codes from January 2018 to December 2019. COVID-19 diagnosis was captured during April 2020-December 2022. Accelerated Failure Time models were used to assess time to incident circulatory, endocrine, neurological, and respiratory diagnoses at least 28 days post COVID-19.Results
Among patients aged ≥50 years, those with disabilities and COVID-19 had higher incidence and earlier onset of newly diagnosed circulatory [time ratio (TR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.77], endocrine (TR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99), and neurological (TR 0.52, 95% CI 0.44-0.62), but not respiratory conditions during the post-COVID period as compared to patients with COVID-19 without disability. No associations were found among patients aged <50 years.Conclusion
Primary care patients with pre-existing disability experienced a higher incidence and earlier onset of post-COVID conditions than patients without disability.
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BibTeX
@article{velasquez2026retrospective,
title = {{Retrospective cohort study measuring the disparities in post-COVID conditions among persons with disabilities: findings from primary care settings, 2019-22.}},
author = {Esther E Velasquez and Robert L Phillips and JoAnn M Thierry and Sharon Saydah and Emilia H Koumans and Ilia Rochlin and Linda Geng and David Rehkopf and Neil Kamdar},
journal = {Research connections},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1093/rescon/vmag125},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921541},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Retrospective cohort study measuring the disparities in post-COVID conditions among persons with disabilities: findings from primary care settings, 2019-22.
AU - Esther E Velasquez
AU - Robert L Phillips
AU - JoAnn M Thierry
AU - Sharon Saydah
AU - Emilia H Koumans
AU - Ilia Rochlin
AU - Linda Geng
AU - David Rehkopf
AU - Neil Kamdar
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - Research connections
DO - 10.1093/rescon/vmag125
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921541
AB - Background and aims This study compared the incidence of post-COVID conditions by pre-pandemic disability status within primary care.Methods This retrospective observational study used electronic health record data to identify primary care patients with ≥1 visit during January 2018-December 2019 and ≥1 visit during May 2020-December 2022. Disability status was identified using diagnostic codes from January 2018 to December 2019. COVID-19 diagnosis was captured during April 2020-December 2022. Accelerated Failure Time models were used to assess time to incident circulatory, endocrine, neurological, and respiratory diagnoses at least 28 days post COVID-19.Results Among patients aged ≥50 years, those with disabilities and COVID-19 had higher incidence and earlier onset of newly diagnosed circulatory [time ratio (TR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.77], endocrine (TR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.99), and neurological (TR 0.52, 95% CI 0.44-0.62), but not respiratory conditions during the post-COVID period as compared to patients with COVID-19 without disability. No associations were found among patients aged <50 years.Conclusion Primary care patients with pre-existing disability experienced a higher incidence and earlier onset of post-COVID conditions than patients without disability.
SN - 3049-5245
ER -