Quality evaluation of commercial ‘Boju’ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) using integrated electronic nose, electronic tongue, and GC-IMS analysis
5 affiliations
- 1College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- 2School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- 3Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- 4Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- 5Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei, China
Abstract
Commercial ‘Boju’ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), derived from the dried capitulum of Asteraceae, is a medicinal herb of significant value. Currently, two primary commercial specifications of ‘Boju’ are circulated in the market: Chrysanthemum morifolium Hemsl cv. ‘Da Boju’ (DBJ) and Chrysanthemum morifolium Hemsl cv. ‘Xiao Boju’ (XBJ). Their original plant sources are Chrysanthemum × morifolium Hemsl cv. ‘Damaya’. and Chrysanthemum × morifolium Hemsl cv. ‘Boju’, respectively. ‘Boju’, is a globally consumed functional herb valued for its distinctive organoleptic properties. To address the challenge of cultivar-specific authentication, an integrated multi-sensor platform synergizing electronic nose (E-nose), electronic tongue (E-tongue), and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was deployed. While E-nose profiles effectively segregated DBJ from XBJ, e-tongue analysis revealed largely overlapping sensor responses across both groups, with saltiness-like and umami-like channels predominating; DBJ was primarily distinguished by significantly stronger bitter-aftertaste responses. GC-IMS metabolomics resolved 125 volatile signals, enabling the annotation of 66 compounds; subsequent multivariate modeling isolated 28 terpenoid—enriched biomarkers that underpinned the observed aromatic divergence. This non-destructive data fusion framework offers a robust paradigm for the quality grading and standardization of chrysanthemum-based functional foods.
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BibTeX
@article{xiang2026quality,
title = {{Quality evaluation of commercial ‘Boju’ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) using integrated electronic nose, electronic tongue, and GC-IMS analysis}},
author = {Xiao-su Xiang and Yun-yun Sun and Jun-shan Gao and Da-hui Li and Qing-shan Yang and Qing-shan Yang and Qing-shan Yang and Qing-shan Yang},
journal = {Frontiers in Nutrition},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fnut.2026.1945038},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1945038},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Quality evaluation of commercial ‘Boju’ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) using integrated electronic nose, electronic tongue, and GC-IMS analysis
AU - Xiao-su Xiang
AU - Yun-yun Sun
AU - Jun-shan Gao
AU - Da-hui Li
AU - Qing-shan Yang
AU - Qing-shan Yang
AU - Qing-shan Yang
AU - Qing-shan Yang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
JO - Frontiers in Nutrition
DO - 10.3389/fnut.2026.1945038
UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2026.1945038
AB - Commercial ‘Boju’ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), derived from the dried capitulum of Asteraceae, is a medicinal herb of significant value. Currently, two primary commercial specifications of ‘Boju’ are circulated in the market: Chrysanthemum morifolium Hemsl cv. ‘Da Boju’ (DBJ) and Chrysanthemum morifolium Hemsl cv. ‘Xiao Boju’ (XBJ). Their original plant sources are Chrysanthemum × morifolium Hemsl cv. ‘Damaya’. and Chrysanthemum × morifolium Hemsl cv. ‘Boju’, respectively. ‘Boju’, is a globally consumed functional herb valued for its distinctive organoleptic properties. To address the challenge of cultivar-specific authentication, an integrated multi-sensor platform synergizing electronic nose (E-nose), electronic tongue (E-tongue), and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was deployed. While E-nose profiles effectively segregated DBJ from XBJ, e-tongue analysis revealed largely overlapping sensor responses across both groups, with saltiness-like and umami-like channels predominating; DBJ was primarily distinguished by significantly stronger bitter-aftertaste responses. GC-IMS metabolomics resolved 125 volatile signals, enabling the annotation of 66 compounds; subsequent multivariate modeling isolated 28 terpenoid—enriched biomarkers that underpinned the observed aromatic divergence. This non-destructive data fusion framework offers a robust paradigm for the quality grading and standardization of chrysanthemum-based functional foods.
SN - 2296-861X
ER -