Prevalence and risk factors of adverse work outcomes among manufacturing workers with Long COVID in Malaysia – A nationwide study

@article{yusoff2026prevalence,
  title = {{Prevalence and risk factors of adverse work outcomes among manufacturing workers with Long COVID in Malaysia – A nationwide study}},
  author = {Hanizah Mohd Yusoff and Sheng Qian Yew and Azmawati Mohd Nawi and Noorlaili Mohd Tohit and Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir and Anita Abd Rahman and Rahmat Dapari and Ohnmar Htwe and Muhamad Hazizi Muhamad Hasani and Sivarajan Ramasamy and Zuraida Mohamad and Radzi Abdul Rashid and Mazrura Sahani and Azuraliza Abu Bakar and Ida Rosnita Ismail and Muhamad Ariff Muhamad Noordin and Fazlin Mohd and Amalia Sakina and Kamilah Amnani},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0357125},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357125},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence and risk factors of adverse work outcomes among manufacturing workers with Long COVID in Malaysia – A nationwide study
AU  - Hanizah Mohd Yusoff
AU  - Sheng Qian Yew
AU  - Azmawati Mohd Nawi
AU  - Noorlaili Mohd Tohit
AU  - Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir
AU  - Anita Abd Rahman
AU  - Rahmat Dapari
AU  - Ohnmar Htwe
AU  - Muhamad Hazizi Muhamad Hasani
AU  - Sivarajan Ramasamy
AU  - Zuraida Mohamad
AU  - Radzi Abdul Rashid
AU  - Mazrura Sahani
AU  - Azuraliza Abu Bakar
AU  - Ida Rosnita Ismail
AU  - Muhamad Ariff Muhamad Noordin
AU  - Fazlin Mohd
AU  - Amalia Sakina
AU  - Kamilah Amnani
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/11
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0357125
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357125
AB  - Introduction: The increasing prevalence and multiorgan involvement of Long COVID among the general population has raised concerns about the possible long-term effect of this condition among industrial workers. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the prevalence and risk factors of adverse work outcomes among Malaysian manufacturing workers affected by Long COVID. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Long COVID Questionnaire, Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) Scale, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) Questionnaire, which were physically distributed to previously-COVID-19 infected participants via convenient sampling. Simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the association between the various risk factors and adverse work outcomes. Results: Among the 797 participants, a quarter (24.7%) of the workers with Long COVID demonstrated poor WRQoL. A total of 12.8% and 42.4% of workers with Long COVID had issues of sickness absenteeism and sickness presenteeism, respectively. Only 6.3% of the Long COVID workers had safety issues at work. Socio-clinical factors [i.e., older age (aOR=1.02) and smoking (aOR=1.38)], Long COVID symptoms [i.e., increased number of Long COVID symptoms (aOR=1.15)], work factors [i.e., engaged in shift work (aOR=1.25), handling of chemicals hazardous to health (aOR=2.51), exposure to confined space entry (aOR=1.60), exposure to excessive noise (aOR=1.55), and manual handling (aOR=1.33)], organisational factors [i.e., absence of sickness absence policy (aOR=2.77)] were significant risk factors of adverse work outcomes among workers with Long COVID. Conversely, personal factors [i.e., informing employers about the Long COVID symptom (aOR=0.32)] had a protective effect on adverse work outcomes. Conclusions: The impact of Long COVID on WRQoL, sickness absenteeism, sickness presenteeism, safety issues at work, as well as the multifactorial nature of adverse work outcomes highlights the need for targeted workplace interventions, supportive policies, early detection, and inclusive occupational health frameworks at the workplace.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -