Introducing Aurora: A New Black Hole Seeding Model With Explicit Environmental Coupling

@misc{chittenden2026introducing,
  title = {{Introducing Aurora: A New Black Hole Seeding Model With Explicit Environmental Coupling}},
  author = {Harry George Chittenden and Darren Croton and Karl Glazebrook and Robert Adriel Mostoghiu Paun},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.01315},
  eprint = {2611.01315},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01315},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Introducing Aurora: A New Black Hole Seeding Model With Explicit Environmental Coupling
AU  - Harry George Chittenden
AU  - Darren Croton
AU  - Karl Glazebrook
AU  - Robert Adriel Mostoghiu Paun
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/01
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.01315
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01315
AB  - We present Aurora, a black hole seeding module for the Mimic semi-analytic framework, in which the seed mass of each newly resolved halo is set by its environment. Motivated by evidence that early quiescent galaxies and overmassive black holes assemble in dense environments, Aurora replaces the fixed seed masses of conventional prescriptions with a continuous spectrum, coupling the seed mass to two environmental parameters, the local overdensity and the radial skewness of the surrounding haloes, and to the halo mass at seeding. Requiring only halo masses and positions, it applies to dark-matter-only simulations. Calibrated against Sage on the Millennium merger trees, this prescription leaves a lasting signal. Massive black holes are assembled from the seeds of many progenitors, seeds supplying 29 per cent of all black hole mass formed by z=0. A seed-dominated growth pathway, distinct from the accretion-dominated majority, emerges among galaxies assembled rapidly in dense, asymmetric environments. Environment-dependent seeding raises the quiescent fraction of seeded galaxies in massive haloes at z ≃ 3.1 by up to 70 per cent, with the excess concentrated in overdense environments, and a deficit in voids. Scrambling the seeding environments while preserving the mass spectrum erases this gradient. The two environmental couplings imprint separable signatures, broadening the scatter of the galaxy-black hole mass relation while preserving the stellar-halo mass relation and other Sage summary statistics. We discuss applying Aurora at gigaparsec scales and higher resolution, to understand the origins of massive black hole systems in contemporary deep surveys.
ER  -