A comprehensive analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of felid alphaherpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) in mainland China from 2017 to 2024.
4 affiliations
- 1Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- 2Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- 3Independent Researcher, New York, NY 11355, USA.
- 4Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. [email protected].
Abstract
Importance
Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a common cause of feline upper respiratory disease, but prevalence estimates from mainland China are fragmented.Objectives
To estimate pooled FHV-1 prevalence and evaluate factors associated with between-study variation in mainland China from 2017 through 2024.Data resources
PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and the Chinese Journal Service Platform were searched; reference lists were also screened. Add the final search date.Study selection
Cross-sectional studies from mainland China that reported a diagnostic method and sufficient numerator and denominator data were eligible. Two reviewers screened studies independently, with disagreements resolved by discussion or a third reviewer.Data extraction and synthesis
Thirty studies comprising 17,108 samples were included. Pooled prevalence was estimated with a random-effects model after Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation. Heterogeneity, subgroup differences, publication bias, and leave-one-out sensitivity were assessed.Main outcomes and measures
Pooled FHV-1 prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), heterogeneity, and subgroup estimates by age, sex, breed, season, publication period, and region.Results
Overall pooled prevalence was 23% (95% CI, 18%-29%; I² = 98.6%; heterogeneity p < 0.001). Prevalence was highest in cats aged 6 months or younger (51%; 95% CI, 26%-75%; subgroup p = 0.046) and in Exotic Shorthair cats (63%; 95% CI, 52%-74%; subgroup p = 0.003). Estimates differed by region (p = 0.021) but not by publication period (p = 0.742).Conclusions and relevance
FHV-1 prevalence in mainland China was substantial and highly heterogeneous. Age, breed, and region were associated with variation across studies. Targeted prevention and surveillance may be warranted, but the very high heterogeneity and study-level subgroup analyses limit causal inference.
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BibTeX
@article{shi2026comprehensive,
title = {{A comprehensive analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of felid alphaherpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) in mainland China from 2017 to 2024.}},
author = {Jiayu Shi and Huiling Zhang and Xinyuan Liu and Xueping Zhang and Hongyu Zhou and Tangjie Zhang},
journal = {Journal of veterinary science},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.4142/jvs.25184},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42847791},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - A comprehensive analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of felid alphaherpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) in mainland China from 2017 to 2024.
AU - Jiayu Shi
AU - Huiling Zhang
AU - Xinyuan Liu
AU - Xueping Zhang
AU - Hongyu Zhou
AU - Tangjie Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
JO - Journal of veterinary science
DO - 10.4142/jvs.25184
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42847791
AB - Importance Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a common cause of feline upper respiratory disease, but prevalence estimates from mainland China are fragmented.Objectives To estimate pooled FHV-1 prevalence and evaluate factors associated with between-study variation in mainland China from 2017 through 2024.Data resources PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and the Chinese Journal Service Platform were searched; reference lists were also screened. Add the final search date.Study selection Cross-sectional studies from mainland China that reported a diagnostic method and sufficient numerator and denominator data were eligible. Two reviewers screened studies independently, with disagreements resolved by discussion or a third reviewer.Data extraction and synthesis Thirty studies comprising 17,108 samples were included. Pooled prevalence was estimated with a random-effects model after Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation. Heterogeneity, subgroup differences, publication bias, and leave-one-out sensitivity were assessed.Main outcomes and measures Pooled FHV-1 prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), heterogeneity, and subgroup estimates by age, sex, breed, season, publication period, and region.Results Overall pooled prevalence was 23% (95% CI, 18%-29%; I² = 98.6%; heterogeneity p < 0.001). Prevalence was highest in cats aged 6 months or younger (51%; 95% CI, 26%-75%; subgroup p = 0.046) and in Exotic Shorthair cats (63%; 95% CI, 52%-74%; subgroup p = 0.003). Estimates differed by region (p = 0.021) but not by publication period (p = 0.742).Conclusions and relevance FHV-1 prevalence in mainland China was substantial and highly heterogeneous. Age, breed, and region were associated with variation across studies. Targeted prevention and surveillance may be warranted, but the very high heterogeneity and study-level subgroup analyses limit causal inference.
SN - 1229-845X
SN - 1976-555X
ER -