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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Immunology

Immunogenicity of sequential conjugate and non-conjugate pneumococcal vaccination in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients: a 12-month serological follow-up

  • Sophie Novelli1,2
  • Aimé Nun1
  • Antoine Cases2
  • Mathilde Bahuaud3
  • Lucie Chevrier3
  • Séverine Beaudreuil4
4 affiliations
  1. 1AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Santé Publique
  2. 2Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP
  3. 3AP-HP-Centre Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Service d’immunologie biologique
  4. 4Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Department, Bicetre Hospital, University Hospital Paris Saclay, AP-HP
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Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is the second most common infection in individuals with end-stage kidney disease and is associated with poor prognosis. The most frequently implicated pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae . Vaccine coverage is therefore essential. Different vaccination strategies have been implemented over time, depending on the period and availability of vaccines in each country.

Aim: In a single-center observational study, we describe the serological response for 7 serotypes in dialysis patients (DP) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) following a standard vaccination schedule against Streptococcus pneumoniae , consisting of one dose of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (Prevenar 13 ® ) followed 2 months later by one dose of the 23-valent non-conjugate vaccine (Pneumo 23 ® ).

Methods: We analyzed 61 participants (DP n=30, KTR n=31) who had completed the full vaccination schedule between January 2015 and December 2016. IgG titers against 7 pneumococcal serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F) were measured by ELISA before each vaccine dose and at 3, 6 and 12 months thereafter. We modeled changes in IgG levels over time. We estimated the probability of seroconversion and seroprotection (IgG titers > 1 µg/mL) for each serotype.

Results: Overall, the immune response was stronger in DP than in KTR. IgG titers and seroconversion rates were higher in DP than in KTR, except for serotypes 6B, 19F and 23F. The cumulative probability of global response in KTR vs. DP was 32.3% vs. 62.2% at 3 months, 35.5% vs. 73.6% at 6 months and 39.3% vs. 73.6% at 12 months.

Conclusion: The serological response to this pneumococcal vaccination schedule in individuals with end-stage kidney disease was modest overall but tended to be higher in DP than in KTR.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{novelli2026immunogenicity,
  title = {{Immunogenicity of sequential conjugate and non-conjugate pneumococcal vaccination in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients: a 12-month serological follow-up}},
  author = {Sophie Novelli and Aimé Nun and Antoine Cases and Mathilde Bahuaud and Lucie Chevrier and Séverine Beaudreuil},
  journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2026.1906893},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1906893/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Immunogenicity of sequential conjugate and non-conjugate pneumococcal vaccination in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients: a 12-month serological follow-up
AU  - Sophie Novelli
AU  - Aimé Nun
AU  - Antoine Cases
AU  - Mathilde Bahuaud
AU  - Lucie Chevrier
AU  - Séverine Beaudreuil
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Frontiers in Immunology
DO  - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1906893
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1906893/full
AB  - Background: Pneumonia is the second most common infection in individuals with end-stage kidney disease and is associated with poor prognosis. The most frequently implicated pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae . Vaccine coverage is therefore essential. Different vaccination strategies have been implemented over time, depending on the period and availability of vaccines in each country.  Aim: In a single-center observational study, we describe the serological response for 7 serotypes in dialysis patients (DP) and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) following a standard vaccination schedule against Streptococcus pneumoniae , consisting of one dose of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (Prevenar 13 ® ) followed 2 months later by one dose of the 23-valent non-conjugate vaccine (Pneumo 23 ® ).  Methods: We analyzed 61 participants (DP n=30, KTR n=31) who had completed the full vaccination schedule between January 2015 and December 2016. IgG titers against 7 pneumococcal serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F) were measured by ELISA before each vaccine dose and at 3, 6 and 12 months thereafter. We modeled changes in IgG levels over time. We estimated the probability of seroconversion and seroprotection (IgG titers > 1 µg/mL) for each serotype.  Results: Overall, the immune response was stronger in DP than in KTR. IgG titers and seroconversion rates were higher in DP than in KTR, except for serotypes 6B, 19F and 23F. The cumulative probability of global response in KTR vs. DP was 32.3% vs. 62.2% at 3 months, 35.5% vs. 73.6% at 6 months and 39.3% vs. 73.6% at 12 months.  Conclusion: The serological response to this pneumococcal vaccination schedule in individuals with end-stage kidney disease was modest overall but tended to be higher in DP than in KTR.
SN  - 1664-3224
ER  -