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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDTranslational vision science & technology

Unsupervised Classification of Wide-Field Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Patterns Associated With Glaucoma Severity and Progression.

  • Hwayeong Kim1
  • Sangwoo Moon2
  • EunAh Kim3
  • Jiwon Lee4
  • Giltae Song4,5,6
  • Jiwoong Lee2,7
7 affiliations
  1. 1Lee Eye Clinic, Busan, Korea.
  2. 2Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
  3. 3Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
  4. 4Division of Artificial Intelligence, Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
  5. 5Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
  6. 6School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
  7. 7Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
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Abstract

Purpose

We investigated the structural patterns associated with visual field (VF) progression using a novel unsupervised hybrid clustering approach that combined archetypal analysis (AA) and fuzzy c-means (FCM).Methods

AA was used to identify the representative structural archetypes (ATs) from 1803 wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) scans obtained from 1803 eyes of 1167 patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma, resulting in 10 distinct ATs. Subsequently, FCM was used to calculate the decomposition coefficients of each eye. A subset of 372 eyes with at least five reliable 24-2 VF tests was analyzed to evaluate the association between baseline structural patterns and subsequent VF progression. Progression was defined using three criteria: mean deviation slope, Visual Field Index slope, and pointwise linear regression.Results

We observed stage-dependent differences in archetypal expression. Greater baseline AT9 (bihemiretinal loss) was significantly associated with VF progression in glaucoma suspect eyes; greater baseline AT4 (early superior loss) and AT9 in early glaucoma; and lower baseline AT1 (normal) and greater baseline AT5 (superior hemiretinal loss) in moderate-to-advanced glaucoma. Only 4.3% of eyes met all three VF progression criteria, whereas 81.7% met none, highlighting substantial discordance among definitions.Conclusions

These findings suggest that the structural patterns associated with VF progression differ according to disease stage and progression criteria. Our hybrid unsupervised method offers a clinically interpretable framework that may facilitate real-time structural assessment and personalized glaucoma monitoring.Translational relevance

Hybrid approach combining AA and FCM visualize wide-field SS-OCT images in characteristic patterns. It enables the identification of high-risk eyes in the early phase and allows for individualized patient monitoring.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kim2026unsupervised,
  title = {{Unsupervised Classification of Wide-Field Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Patterns Associated With Glaucoma Severity and Progression.}},
  author = {Hwayeong Kim and Sangwoo Moon and EunAh Kim and Jiwon Lee and Giltae Song and Jiwoong Lee},
  journal = {Translational vision science \& technology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1167/tvst.15.10.25},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42885983},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unsupervised Classification of Wide-Field Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Patterns Associated With Glaucoma Severity and Progression.
AU  - Hwayeong Kim
AU  - Sangwoo Moon
AU  - EunAh Kim
AU  - Jiwon Lee
AU  - Giltae Song
AU  - Jiwoong Lee
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Translational vision science & technology
DO  - 10.1167/tvst.15.10.25
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42885983
AB  - Purpose  We investigated the structural patterns associated with visual field (VF) progression using a novel unsupervised hybrid clustering approach that combined archetypal analysis (AA) and fuzzy c-means (FCM).Methods  AA was used to identify the representative structural archetypes (ATs) from 1803 wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) scans obtained from 1803 eyes of 1167 patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma, resulting in 10 distinct ATs. Subsequently, FCM was used to calculate the decomposition coefficients of each eye. A subset of 372 eyes with at least five reliable 24-2 VF tests was analyzed to evaluate the association between baseline structural patterns and subsequent VF progression. Progression was defined using three criteria: mean deviation slope, Visual Field Index slope, and pointwise linear regression.Results  We observed stage-dependent differences in archetypal expression. Greater baseline AT9 (bihemiretinal loss) was significantly associated with VF progression in glaucoma suspect eyes; greater baseline AT4 (early superior loss) and AT9 in early glaucoma; and lower baseline AT1 (normal) and greater baseline AT5 (superior hemiretinal loss) in moderate-to-advanced glaucoma. Only 4.3% of eyes met all three VF progression criteria, whereas 81.7% met none, highlighting substantial discordance among definitions.Conclusions  These findings suggest that the structural patterns associated with VF progression differ according to disease stage and progression criteria. Our hybrid unsupervised method offers a clinically interpretable framework that may facilitate real-time structural assessment and personalized glaucoma monitoring.Translational relevance  Hybrid approach combining AA and FCM visualize wide-field SS-OCT images in characteristic patterns. It enables the identification of high-risk eyes in the early phase and allows for individualized patient monitoring.
SN  - 2164-2591
ER  -