Graphene quantum dot nanotheranostics in oncologic radiology: from engineering principles to clinical translation
10 affiliations
- 1Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
- 2Department of Business Administration, Business School, Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan; Research follower, INTI International University, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
- 3Department of Medicine, Hamedan university of medicine and sciences, Iran
- 4MBBS from Multan medical and dental college, Multan, 60760, Pakistan
- 5Department of Radiology, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, India
- 6Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Promotion of Research, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- 7University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- 8Department of chemistry from university of education lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- 9Department of nursing from university of Lahore, Pakistan
- 10Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are versatile nanotheranostic agents in oncologic radiology, offering multimodal imaging and therapy through tunable structures, surface engineering, doping, defects, and hybrid designs. The review further examines how these engineering parameters influence imaging performance, biological interactions, and therapeutic functionality. Beyond material design, the article analyzes the evolution of quantum dots within oncologic radiology, highlighting the transition from conventional contrast agents toward multifunctional theranostic systems and discussing quantum confinement, multimodal imaging, and theranostic convergence as key radiological design paradigms. Current translational evidence is evaluated across magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, fluorescence-guided imaging, image-guided drug delivery, photothermal therapy, radiosensitization, and adaptive stimulus-responsive platforms. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying emerging design trends, including modular nanoarchitectures, intelligent theranostics, and precision oncology-oriented systems. Finally, major barriers to clinical implementation are examined, including structural standardization, reproducibility, biological complexity, regulatory challenges, and manufacturing scalability. The analysis suggests that future progress will depend on establishing predictive structure–property–function relationships and integrating advanced nanomaterial engineering with radiological sciences, artificial intelligence, and precision medicine to enable clinically actionable nanotheranostic platforms.
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BibTeX
@article{vasudevan2026graphene,
title = {{Graphene quantum dot nanotheranostics in oncologic radiology: from engineering principles to clinical translation}},
author = {Asokan Vasudevan and Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad and Muhammad Usman and Shahid Rahim and Vishal Gupta and Archana Dhyani and Navin Kumar Tailor and Faiz mahmood and Azra Shaheen and Hadi Bastani},
journal = {Advances in Redox Research},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.arres.2026.100209},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arres.2026.100209},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Graphene quantum dot nanotheranostics in oncologic radiology: from engineering principles to clinical translation
AU - Asokan Vasudevan
AU - Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad
AU - Muhammad Usman
AU - Shahid Rahim
AU - Vishal Gupta
AU - Archana Dhyani
AU - Navin Kumar Tailor
AU - Faiz mahmood
AU - Azra Shaheen
AU - Hadi Bastani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Advances in Redox Research
DO - 10.1016/j.arres.2026.100209
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arres.2026.100209
AB - Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are versatile nanotheranostic agents in oncologic radiology, offering multimodal imaging and therapy through tunable structures, surface engineering, doping, defects, and hybrid designs. The review further examines how these engineering parameters influence imaging performance, biological interactions, and therapeutic functionality. Beyond material design, the article analyzes the evolution of quantum dots within oncologic radiology, highlighting the transition from conventional contrast agents toward multifunctional theranostic systems and discussing quantum confinement, multimodal imaging, and theranostic convergence as key radiological design paradigms. Current translational evidence is evaluated across magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, fluorescence-guided imaging, image-guided drug delivery, photothermal therapy, radiosensitization, and adaptive stimulus-responsive platforms. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying emerging design trends, including modular nanoarchitectures, intelligent theranostics, and precision oncology-oriented systems. Finally, major barriers to clinical implementation are examined, including structural standardization, reproducibility, biological complexity, regulatory challenges, and manufacturing scalability. The analysis suggests that future progress will depend on establishing predictive structure–property–function relationships and integrating advanced nanomaterial engineering with radiological sciences, artificial intelligence, and precision medicine to enable clinically actionable nanotheranostic platforms.
SN - 2667-1379
ER -