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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Endocrinology

Associations between a series of composite glucose-lipid indices and moderately increased albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

  • Yaru Li1,2
  • Zhenyu Pan3
  • Xinbo Zhao2
  • Guanqi Gao2
  • Dan Fu2
  • Baolan Ji2
  1. 1School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University
  2. 2Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University
  3. 3Teaching and Research Section of Diagnostics, Shandong Medical College
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Abstract

Purpose: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents one of the most significant microvascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moderately increased albuminuria, defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30–300 mg/g, is widely recognized as an early indicator of renal injury in patients with T2DM. Previous studies have confirmed the role of glucolipotoxicity in the progression of DKD. Recently, a series of composite indices originating from blood glucose and lipid levels have been proposed, covering triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose index to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TyG/HDL-c), triglyceride glucose (TyG)-atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) index (TyG-AIP), cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein-glucose index (CHG) and triglyceride-glycated hemoglobin index (TyH-i). This study aimed to investigate the association between the aforementioned composite glucose-lipid indices and moderately increased albuminuria in patients with T2DM.

Methods: The cross-sectional analysis included 1743 patients with T2DM. The clinical and laboratory data were obtained and related indices were calculated. Patients were categorized into the moderately increased albuminuria group (UACR 30–300 mg/g) and the normal to mildly increased albuminuria group (UACR < 30 mg/g).

Results: This study encompassed 342 participants with moderately increased albuminuria. The composite glucose-lipid indices levels were elevated in the moderately increased albuminuria group (all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that these indices all exhibited a positive relationship with moderately increased albuminuria (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that TyH-i was the only composite glucose-lipid index retained in the logistic model (OR: 1.789; 95% CI: 1.276 - 2.510). In separate adjusted models, TyH-i remained independently associated with moderately increased albuminuria (OR: 2.279; 95% CI: 1.671 - 3.110).

Conclusion: Among numerous composite glucose-lipid indices, TyH-i remained independently associated with moderately increased albuminuria after adjustment. However, its discriminatory performance was limited and did not differ significantly from that of the comparator indices.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{li2026associations,
  title = {{Associations between a series of composite glucose-lipid indices and moderately increased albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study}},
  author = {Yaru Li and Zhenyu Pan and Xinbo Zhao and Guanqi Gao and Dan Fu and Baolan Ji},
  journal = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fendo.2026.1883785},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1883785/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Associations between a series of composite glucose-lipid indices and moderately increased albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
AU  - Yaru Li
AU  - Zhenyu Pan
AU  - Xinbo Zhao
AU  - Guanqi Gao
AU  - Dan Fu
AU  - Baolan Ji
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Frontiers in Endocrinology
DO  - 10.3389/fendo.2026.1883785
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1883785/full
AB  - Purpose: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents one of the most significant microvascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moderately increased albuminuria, defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30–300 mg/g, is widely recognized as an early indicator of renal injury in patients with T2DM. Previous studies have confirmed the role of glucolipotoxicity in the progression of DKD. Recently, a series of composite indices originating from blood glucose and lipid levels have been proposed, covering triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose index to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TyG/HDL-c), triglyceride glucose (TyG)-atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) index (TyG-AIP), cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein-glucose index (CHG) and triglyceride-glycated hemoglobin index (TyH-i). This study aimed to investigate the association between the aforementioned composite glucose-lipid indices and moderately increased albuminuria in patients with T2DM.  Methods: The cross-sectional analysis included 1743 patients with T2DM. The clinical and laboratory data were obtained and related indices were calculated. Patients were categorized into the moderately increased albuminuria group (UACR 30–300 mg/g) and the normal to mildly increased albuminuria group (UACR < 30 mg/g).  Results: This study encompassed 342 participants with moderately increased albuminuria. The composite glucose-lipid indices levels were elevated in the moderately increased albuminuria group (all P < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed that these indices all exhibited a positive relationship with moderately increased albuminuria (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that TyH-i was the only composite glucose-lipid index retained in the logistic model (OR: 1.789; 95% CI: 1.276 - 2.510). In separate adjusted models, TyH-i remained independently associated with moderately increased albuminuria (OR: 2.279; 95% CI: 1.671 - 3.110).  Conclusion: Among numerous composite glucose-lipid indices, TyH-i remained independently associated with moderately increased albuminuria after adjustment. However, its discriminatory performance was limited and did not differ significantly from that of the comparator indices.
SN  - 1664-2392
ER  -