Epidemiological patterns, clinical profiles and mortality outcomes of patients with heart failure: a retrospective, hospital-based, single-center study in northern Iran
Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) remains a major global public health challenge, with a rising prevalence driven by aging populations. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological patterns and clinical profiles of hospitalized HF patients in northern Iran and to identify factors independently associated with all-cause mortality within this specific clinical setting.
Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study included 1,000 patients hospitalized with HF at a major cardiovascular center in northern Iran. Baseline demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory data were systematically extracted from medical records and hospital information systems. All-cause mortality was ascertained through data linkage with the regional mortality registry. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors of mortality.
Results: The study included 1,000 patients (mean age 68.9 ± 14.7 years; 51.8% male). Prevalent comorbidities included hypertension (68.7%), diabetes (47.0%), and ischemic heart disease (42.9%). All-cause mortality occurred in 334 patients (33.4%). Mortality proportion varied significantly across HF phenotypes: 35.4% in HFrEF, 28.7% in HFmrEF, and 23.6% in HFpEF ( P = 0.035). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, increasing age (aOR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.021–1.043, P < 0.001) and HFrEF (aOR = 1.917, 95% CI: 1.128–3.256, P = 0.016) were independently associated with higher mortality; in contrast, the presence of comorbid cancer (aOR = 0.436, 95% CI: 0.201–0.948, P = 0.036) was independently associated with lower odds of mortality.
Conclusion: Hospitalized HF patients in our study presented with a high burden of comorbidities and substantial mortality. Increasing age, the HFrEF phenotype, and comorbid cancer were independently associated with all-cause mortality in the adjusted model. These findings underscore the critical value of early phenotypic stratification and targeted, risk-based management in this specific population, while highlighting the necessity of future longitudinal, multicenter investigations to validate these results before broader generalization.
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BibTeX
@article{moradi2026epidemiological,
title = {{Epidemiological patterns, clinical profiles and mortality outcomes of patients with heart failure: a retrospective, hospital-based, single-center study in northern Iran}},
author = {Masoud Moradi and Jamshid Yazdani Charati and Maryam Ranjbar and Maryam Nabati and Rozita Jalalian},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1186/s12889-026-29636-8},
url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1186/s12889-026-29636-8},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Epidemiological patterns, clinical profiles and mortality outcomes of patients with heart failure: a retrospective, hospital-based, single-center study in northern Iran
AU - Masoud Moradi
AU - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
AU - Maryam Ranjbar
AU - Maryam Nabati
AU - Rozita Jalalian
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - BMC Public Health
DO - 10.1186/s12889-026-29636-8
UR - https://link.springer.com/10.1186/s12889-026-29636-8
AB - Background: Heart failure (HF) remains a major global public health challenge, with a rising prevalence driven by aging populations. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological patterns and clinical profiles of hospitalized HF patients in northern Iran and to identify factors independently associated with all-cause mortality within this specific clinical setting. Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study included 1,000 patients hospitalized with HF at a major cardiovascular center in northern Iran. Baseline demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory data were systematically extracted from medical records and hospital information systems. All-cause mortality was ascertained through data linkage with the regional mortality registry. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results: The study included 1,000 patients (mean age 68.9 ± 14.7 years; 51.8% male). Prevalent comorbidities included hypertension (68.7%), diabetes (47.0%), and ischemic heart disease (42.9%). All-cause mortality occurred in 334 patients (33.4%). Mortality proportion varied significantly across HF phenotypes: 35.4% in HFrEF, 28.7% in HFmrEF, and 23.6% in HFpEF ( P = 0.035). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, increasing age (aOR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.021–1.043, P < 0.001) and HFrEF (aOR = 1.917, 95% CI: 1.128–3.256, P = 0.016) were independently associated with higher mortality; in contrast, the presence of comorbid cancer (aOR = 0.436, 95% CI: 0.201–0.948, P = 0.036) was independently associated with lower odds of mortality. Conclusion: Hospitalized HF patients in our study presented with a high burden of comorbidities and substantial mortality. Increasing age, the HFrEF phenotype, and comorbid cancer were independently associated with all-cause mortality in the adjusted model. These findings underscore the critical value of early phenotypic stratification and targeted, risk-based management in this specific population, while highlighting the necessity of future longitudinal, multicenter investigations to validate these results before broader generalization.
SN - 1471-2458
ER -