Effect of the Applied Pressure on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Nickel Films Prepared by Electroless Plating on Beech Wood
- 1Atomic Energy Commission of Syria , , 17 Nissan Street , P.O. Box , ,
Abstract
Nickel films were deposited on beech wood substrates using the electroless plating method, and the effect of applied mechanical pressures (2, 4, 6, and 8 kN/cm2) on their structural, morphological, wetting, and electrical properties was systematically investigated. Nickel-coated wood specimens were subjected to uniaxial pressures for 3 s, followed by characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact-angle (CA) measurements, and current–voltage (I–V) analysis. SEM revealed surface openings of approximately 2–4 μm at 2 kN/cm2, which progressively narrowed with increasing pressure and were nearly absent at 8 kN/cm2. Cross-sectional SEM-EDS confirmed Ni penetration into the porous wood structure, with the greatest apparent penetration depth observed at 6 kN/cm2. XRD identified face-centered-cubic Ni with a preferential (111) orientation, while Williamson-Hall analysis indicated pressure-dependent variations in crystallite size and lattice microstrain. The wetting behavior exhibited a pressure-dependent response, with the highest initial contact angle observed at 6 kN/cm2, followed by a decrease at 8 kN/cm2 consistent with increased water penetration associated with pressure-induced surface and interfacial damage. All samples exhibited approximately linear I–V characteristics (R2 > 0.99), with the highest electrical response observed at 6 kN/cm2 and a subsequent decline at 8 kN/cm2. Overall, the results demonstrate a pressure-dependent balance between compaction of the nickel conductive network at moderate pressures and mechanical degradation under excessive compression, providing a basis for pressure-controlled design of functional conductive Ni/wood interfaces.
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BibTeX
@article{amer2026effect,
title = {{Effect of the Applied Pressure on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Nickel Films Prepared by Electroless Plating on Beech Wood}},
author = {Jamal Amer},
journal = {ACS Omega},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c08879},
url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08879/5460594/Effect-of-the-Applied-Pressure-on-the-Physical-and},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Effect of the Applied Pressure on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Nickel Films Prepared by Electroless Plating on Beech Wood
AU - Jamal Amer
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
JO - ACS Omega
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.6c08879
UR - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08879/5460594/Effect-of-the-Applied-Pressure-on-the-Physical-and
AB - Nickel films were deposited on beech wood substrates using the electroless plating method, and the effect of applied mechanical pressures (2, 4, 6, and 8 kN/cm2) on their structural, morphological, wetting, and electrical properties was systematically investigated. Nickel-coated wood specimens were subjected to uniaxial pressures for 3 s, followed by characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact-angle (CA) measurements, and current–voltage (I–V) analysis. SEM revealed surface openings of approximately 2–4 μm at 2 kN/cm2, which progressively narrowed with increasing pressure and were nearly absent at 8 kN/cm2. Cross-sectional SEM-EDS confirmed Ni penetration into the porous wood structure, with the greatest apparent penetration depth observed at 6 kN/cm2. XRD identified face-centered-cubic Ni with a preferential (111) orientation, while Williamson-Hall analysis indicated pressure-dependent variations in crystallite size and lattice microstrain. The wetting behavior exhibited a pressure-dependent response, with the highest initial contact angle observed at 6 kN/cm2, followed by a decrease at 8 kN/cm2 consistent with increased water penetration associated with pressure-induced surface and interfacial damage. All samples exhibited approximately linear I–V characteristics (R2 > 0.99), with the highest electrical response observed at 6 kN/cm2 and a subsequent decline at 8 kN/cm2. Overall, the results demonstrate a pressure-dependent balance between compaction of the nickel conductive network at moderate pressures and mechanical degradation under excessive compression, providing a basis for pressure-controlled design of functional conductive Ni/wood interfaces.
SN - 2470-1343
ER -