Quantum Monte-Carlo study of spin-valley ferromagnetism in rhombohedral graphene
Abstract
Recent capacitance measurements in bilayer and trilayer rhombohedral graphene reported large magnetic entropy above the Curie temperature, suggesting the formation of fluctuating local moments. Further experimental support comes from scanning tunneling microscopy experiments in rhombohedral hexalayer graphene, which directly visualized honeycomb electron-crystal order that strengthens upon heating before melting, related to the Pomeranchuk effect. Motivated by these experiments, we construct spin-valley local-moment Hamiltonians for the quarter-metal and half-metal phases. We extract their couplings from constrained Hartree-Fock calculations, and solve their finite-temperature thermodynamics with stochastic-series-expansion quantum Monte Carlo. For the quarter metal we find a continuous 2D-Ising transition at Tc ≈ 0.7 K, an order of magnitude smaller than the Hartree-Fock estimate (~30 K) and closer to the experimental scale of a few kelvin. For the half metal, we study the field-induced magnetization as a function of temperature with and without proximity-enhanced spin-orbit coupling. When spin-orbit coupling is negligible, intervalley Hund's coupling enhances the magnetic response. Strong spin-orbit coupling, as can be induced by a neighboring transition-metal dichalcogenide, gives rise to the standard spin-canted ground state at zero temperature. Upon heating, the in-plane polarization decreases more rapidly than the out-of-plane polarization. Surprisingly, despite the itinerant nature of the electrons, local-moment models with microscopically determined couplings appear to capture key finite-temperature magnetic properties of rhombohedral graphene without any fitting.
Related
- Valley-Helical Superconductivity Driven by Repulsion and Quantum Geometry: Applications to Time-Reversal Symmetric Rhombohedral Graphene
- Valley-Selective Transport through Structural Domain Walls in Rhombohedral Graphene Quarter Metals
- Quantum Oscillations across Hole Crystallization in Rhombohedral Graphene
- Quantum Phase Transitions and Fractional Quantized Anomalous Hall Insulators in Rhombohedral Graphene
- Quantum Geometry and Pair Breaking in Intra- and Intervalley Superconductivity of Rhombohedral Graphene
BibTeX
@misc{demos2026quantum,
title = {{Quantum Monte-Carlo study of spin-valley ferromagnetism in rhombohedral graphene}},
author = {Michael Demos and Dongqi Li and Mainak Das and Tobias M. R. Wolf and Chunli Huang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.40864},
eprint = {2610.40864},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40864},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quantum Monte-Carlo study of spin-valley ferromagnetism in rhombohedral graphene
AU - Michael Demos
AU - Dongqi Li
AU - Mainak Das
AU - Tobias M. R. Wolf
AU - Chunli Huang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.40864
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40864
AB - Recent capacitance measurements in bilayer and trilayer rhombohedral graphene reported large magnetic entropy above the Curie temperature, suggesting the formation of fluctuating local moments. Further experimental support comes from scanning tunneling microscopy experiments in rhombohedral hexalayer graphene, which directly visualized honeycomb electron-crystal order that strengthens upon heating before melting, related to the Pomeranchuk effect. Motivated by these experiments, we construct spin-valley local-moment Hamiltonians for the quarter-metal and half-metal phases. We extract their couplings from constrained Hartree-Fock calculations, and solve their finite-temperature thermodynamics with stochastic-series-expansion quantum Monte Carlo. For the quarter metal we find a continuous 2D-Ising transition at T_c ≈ 0.7 K, an order of magnitude smaller than the Hartree-Fock estimate (~30 K) and closer to the experimental scale of a few kelvin. For the half metal, we study the field-induced magnetization as a function of temperature with and without proximity-enhanced spin-orbit coupling. When spin-orbit coupling is negligible, intervalley Hund's coupling enhances the magnetic response. Strong spin-orbit coupling, as can be induced by a neighboring transition-metal dichalcogenide, gives rise to the standard spin-canted ground state at zero temperature. Upon heating, the in-plane polarization decreases more rapidly than the out-of-plane polarization. Surprisingly, despite the itinerant nature of the electrons, local-moment models with microscopically determined couplings appear to capture key finite-temperature magnetic properties of rhombohedral graphene without any fitting.
ER -