Pulsar scintillation arcs formed from correlated volume scattering
Abstract
Radio waves propagating through the interstellar medium are influenced by variations in plasma density. For spatially localised plasma structures along the line of sight, time-delay Doppler analyses of pulsars often reveal scintillation arcs in the secondary spectrum, frequently exhibiting a parabolic morphology. In the thin-screen approximation, the arc curvature is commonly used to infer the distance to the plasma concentration, which is modelled - via Kirchhoff-Fresnel diffraction theory - as an effective phase screen imposed by the column density of a localised disturbance. Here, we identify several limitations of this model that necessitate a fully three-dimensional treatment, without reducing the problem to a projected screen density. When volume propagation is considered, asymmetries and a richer variety of features emerge in the secondary spectrum compared to those predicted by the thin-screen approximation. For some cases the arc curvature varies depending on the three-dimensional structure of the plasma, rendering it a less reliable indicator of distance. We conjecture that these phenomena are linked to the onset of branched flow produced by a sequence of weak but correlated scattering events.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{kramer2026pulsar,
title = {{Pulsar scintillation arcs formed from correlated volume scattering}},
author = {Tobias Kramer},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.14986},
eprint = {2605.14986},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14986},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Pulsar scintillation arcs formed from correlated volume scattering
AU - Tobias Kramer
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2605.14986
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14986
AB - Radio waves propagating through the interstellar medium are influenced by variations in plasma density. For spatially localised plasma structures along the line of sight, time-delay Doppler analyses of pulsars often reveal scintillation arcs in the secondary spectrum, frequently exhibiting a parabolic morphology. In the thin-screen approximation, the arc curvature is commonly used to infer the distance to the plasma concentration, which is modelled - via Kirchhoff-Fresnel diffraction theory - as an effective phase screen imposed by the column density of a localised disturbance. Here, we identify several limitations of this model that necessitate a fully three-dimensional treatment, without reducing the problem to a projected screen density. When volume propagation is considered, asymmetries and a richer variety of features emerge in the secondary spectrum compared to those predicted by the thin-screen approximation. For some cases the arc curvature varies depending on the three-dimensional structure of the plasma, rendering it a less reliable indicator of distance. We conjecture that these phenomena are linked to the onset of branched flow produced by a sequence of weak but correlated scattering events.
ER -