Genetic circuit rewiring underlies a lineage-specific patterning machinery on butterfly wings
- 1Duke University
Abstract
Phenotypes evolve through changes in gene regulatory networks (GRNs), but how changes in network topology contribute to phenotypic evolution is still poorly understood. Butterfly wing color patterns provide a tractable system to answer this question. Here, we compared the expression of four color pattern genes, WntA, pdm3, ivory, and Optix, in five nymphalid butterflies, and tested their regulatory connections through genetic perturbations in three species spanning 80 million years of divergence. We found broadly conserved 1) regulatory hierarchy linking early pattern instruction via WntA signaling to subsequent color readout via ivory and Optix, 2) positive autoregulation in WntA signaling, and 3) positive regulation from WntA signaling to pdm3. Notably, we discovered lineage-specific negative feedback from pdm3 to WntA signaling in Vanessa cardui, which closes a reciprocal WntA-pdm3 feedback loop that refines complex pattern elements. We show that developmental programs can evolve by rewiring internal interactions among pre-existing GRN nodes, emphasizing the importance of network topology in phenotypic evolution.
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BibTeX
@misc{tian2026genetic,
title = {{Genetic circuit rewiring underlies a lineage-specific patterning machinery on butterfly wings}},
author = {S. Tian and J. Y. Zhou and A. Mazo-Vargas},
howpublished = {bioRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.64898/2026.10.11.758279},
url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758279v1},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Genetic circuit rewiring underlies a lineage-specific patterning machinery on butterfly wings
AU - S. Tian
AU - J. Y. Zhou
AU - A. Mazo-Vargas
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/11
PB - bioRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.10.11.758279
UR - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.11.758279v1
AB - Phenotypes evolve through changes in gene regulatory networks (GRNs), but how changes in network topology contribute to phenotypic evolution is still poorly understood. Butterfly wing color patterns provide a tractable system to answer this question. Here, we compared the expression of four color pattern genes, WntA, pdm3, ivory, and Optix, in five nymphalid butterflies, and tested their regulatory connections through genetic perturbations in three species spanning 80 million years of divergence. We found broadly conserved 1) regulatory hierarchy linking early pattern instruction via WntA signaling to subsequent color readout via ivory and Optix, 2) positive autoregulation in WntA signaling, and 3) positive regulation from WntA signaling to pdm3. Notably, we discovered lineage-specific negative feedback from pdm3 to WntA signaling in Vanessa cardui, which closes a reciprocal WntA-pdm3 feedback loop that refines complex pattern elements. We show that developmental programs can evolve by rewiring internal interactions among pre-existing GRN nodes, emphasizing the importance of network topology in phenotypic evolution.
ER -