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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0ACS Omega

Extraction of Calcium from Steel Slag via Low-Temperature Chlorination Roasting and Water Leaching for the Preparation of CaCO3

  • Hai-ming Zhang1,2
  • Zhi-yu Fan3
  • Ting-an Zhang1
  • Ren-yun Zhang1
  • Rui Zhang1
  • Long Wang1
  • Kun Wang1
  • Zhen-yu Ma1
  • Yi-yong Wang3
  • Ji-dong Li3
  1. 1Northeastern University , , ,
  2. 2Angang Group Zhongyuan Industry Development Co., Ltd. , ,
  3. 3University of Science and Technology Liaoning , , ,
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Abstract

This paper proposes a novel coupled process of “low-temperature chlorination roasting with NH4Cl─water leaching for calcium separation─carbonation precipitation” to achieve selective recovery and utilization of calcium from steel slag. Thermodynamic calculations indicate the presence of two reaction pathways in the system: solid–solid chlorination and gas–solid chlorination mediated by HCl. Among these, the gas-phase chlorination reaction exhibits a stronger thermodynamic spontaneity. Phase analysis of the raw steel slag shows that calcium is primarily found in the phases of Ca2SiO4, Ca2Fe2O5, and Al14Ca12O33, with a positive correlation to the contents of silicon, iron, and aluminum. The roasting temperature and holding time have been identified as the core factors affecting the calcium chlorination rate. Under optimal conditions (temperature of 300 °C, holding time of 40 min, mass ratio of NH4Cl to steel slag of 2:1, and steel slag particle size of 75–106 μm), the calcium chlorination rate can reach 92.47%. Kinetic analysis based on the unreacted core shrinking model confirms that this chlorination process is controlled by the diffusion of the solid product layer. The resulting calcium-containing leachate, after carbonation precipitation, yields well-formed, uniformly shaped rhombohedral calcite particles.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhang2026extraction,
  title = {{Extraction of Calcium from Steel Slag via Low-Temperature Chlorination Roasting and Water Leaching for the Preparation of CaCO3}},
  author = {Hai-ming Zhang and Zhi-yu Fan and Ting-an Zhang and Ren-yun Zhang and Rui Zhang and Long Wang and Kun Wang and Zhen-yu Ma and Yi-yong Wang and Ji-dong Li},
  journal = {ACS Omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c08442},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08442/5462119/Extraction-of-Calcium-from-Steel-Slag-via-Low},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Extraction of Calcium from Steel Slag via Low-Temperature Chlorination Roasting and Water Leaching for the Preparation of CaCO3
AU  - Hai-ming Zhang
AU  - Zhi-yu Fan
AU  - Ting-an Zhang
AU  - Ren-yun Zhang
AU  - Rui Zhang
AU  - Long Wang
AU  - Kun Wang
AU  - Zhen-yu Ma
AU  - Yi-yong Wang
AU  - Ji-dong Li
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
JO  - ACS Omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c08442
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c08442/5462119/Extraction-of-Calcium-from-Steel-Slag-via-Low
AB  - This paper proposes a novel coupled process of “low-temperature chlorination roasting with NH4Cl─water leaching for calcium separation─carbonation precipitation” to achieve selective recovery and utilization of calcium from steel slag. Thermodynamic calculations indicate the presence of two reaction pathways in the system: solid–solid chlorination and gas–solid chlorination mediated by HCl. Among these, the gas-phase chlorination reaction exhibits a stronger thermodynamic spontaneity. Phase analysis of the raw steel slag shows that calcium is primarily found in the phases of Ca2SiO4, Ca2Fe2O5, and Al14Ca12O33, with a positive correlation to the contents of silicon, iron, and aluminum. The roasting temperature and holding time have been identified as the core factors affecting the calcium chlorination rate. Under optimal conditions (temperature of 300 °C, holding time of 40 min, mass ratio of NH4Cl to steel slag of 2:1, and steel slag particle size of 75–106 μm), the calcium chlorination rate can reach 92.47%. Kinetic analysis based on the unreacted core shrinking model confirms that this chlorination process is controlled by the diffusion of the solid product layer. The resulting calcium-containing leachate, after carbonation precipitation, yields well-formed, uniformly shaped rhombohedral calcite particles.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -