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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Immunology

Neutrophils in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis: from inflammatory infiltration to bone remodeling

  • Linlin Zhi1,2
  • Runzhi Liu2
  • Ruihua Li1,2
  • Duanni Zhang2
  • Xiaotao Sun2
  • Yuanfang Liang2
  • He Jiang2
  • Xiaoyan Li2
  1. 1Xi’an Medical University
  2. 2Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital
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Abstract

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and pathological new bone formation in the axial skeleton, yet the mechanisms linking inflammatory microenvironment to aberrant osteogenesis remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence indicates that neutrophils, traditionally viewed as acute inflammatory effectors, play a pivotal role throughout the disease course. Specifically, activated neutrophils can secrete BMPs and may respond to Wnt signaling and they may indirectly promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, while NET formation may create a pro-osteogenic niche. The synergistic action of these signals may induce aberrant osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, ultimately contributing to pathological osteophyte formation and spinal ankylosis. This review synthesizes current evidence to propose a testable working model of neutrophil involvement from inflammation initiation to ectopic ossification in SpA, evaluates the therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting neutrophils, and outlines directions for future translational research.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhi2026neutrophils,
  title = {{Neutrophils in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis: from inflammatory infiltration to bone remodeling}},
  author = {Linlin Zhi and Runzhi Liu and Ruihua Li and Duanni Zhang and Xiaotao Sun and Yuanfang Liang and He Jiang and Xiaoyan Li},
  journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2026.1991386},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1991386/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Neutrophils in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis: from inflammatory infiltration to bone remodeling
AU  - Linlin Zhi
AU  - Runzhi Liu
AU  - Ruihua Li
AU  - Duanni Zhang
AU  - Xiaotao Sun
AU  - Yuanfang Liang
AU  - He Jiang
AU  - Xiaoyan Li
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
JO  - Frontiers in Immunology
DO  - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1991386
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1991386/full
AB  - Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and pathological new bone formation in the axial skeleton, yet the mechanisms linking inflammatory microenvironment to aberrant osteogenesis remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence indicates that neutrophils, traditionally viewed as acute inflammatory effectors, play a pivotal role throughout the disease course. Specifically, activated neutrophils can secrete BMPs and may respond to Wnt signaling and they may indirectly promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, while NET formation may create a pro-osteogenic niche. The synergistic action of these signals may induce aberrant osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, ultimately contributing to pathological osteophyte formation and spinal ankylosis. This review synthesizes current evidence to propose a testable working model of neutrophil involvement from inflammation initiation to ectopic ossification in SpA, evaluates the therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting neutrophils, and outlines directions for future translational research.
SN  - 1664-3224
ER  -