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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Public Health

Anti-HBc seropositivity among women of childbearing age in Indonesia: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

  • Noer Endah Pracoyo1
  • Noer Endah Pracoyo2
  • Dede Anwar Musadad1
  • Besral3
  • Maria Holly Herawati1
  • Ristrini1
  • Gurendro Putro1
  • Ekowati Rahajeng1
  • Shinta1
  • Dasuki1
  • Nurhayati4
  • Betty Roosihermiatie1
5 more authors
  • Rustika1
  • Wigati1
  • Mardiyono1
  • Mardiyono5
  • Al Asyary6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Health Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia (BRIN) Bogor, Indonesia
  2. 2Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  3. 3Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Kota Depok, Indonesia
  4. 4Research Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine Research, Health Organization Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Organization, BRIN, Bogor, Indonesia
  5. 5Research Center for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
  6. 6Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Kota Depok, Indonesia
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Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the national prevalence of hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) seropositivity, indicating prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure, among Indonesian women aged 15–49 years. Additionally, the study sought to identify associated sociodemographic factors.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas), a nationally representative survey with a complex sampling design and appropriate sampling weights. Anti-HBc seropositivity was measured at the Sulianti Saroso Laboratory. Of the 19,418 participants, 12,617 women were included in the final analysis. Survey-weighted logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORₐⱼ) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAnti-HBc seropositivity was significantly more common among women aged >35 years (ORₐⱼ = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.58–1.87), those with lower educational attainment (ORₐⱼ = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05–1.28), employed women (ORₐⱼ = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09–1.29), rural residents (ORₐⱼ = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.18–1.40), and women reporting contraceptive use (ORₐⱼ = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.11–1.35).ConclusionAnti-HBc seropositivity remains a significant public health concern among Indonesian women of childbearing age, particularly those who are older, less educated, employed, living in rural areas, and reporting contraceptive use. Policy recommendations should prioritize maternal screening, timely and universal birth dose vaccination, administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) when indicated, and improved vaccination coverage among unvaccinated adults.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{pracoyo2026antihbc,
  title = {{Anti-HBc seropositivity among women of childbearing age in Indonesia: a nationally representative cross-sectional study}},
  author = {Noer Endah Pracoyo and Noer Endah Pracoyo and Dede Anwar Musadad and Besral and Maria Holly Herawati and Ristrini and Gurendro Putro and Ekowati Rahajeng and Shinta and Dasuki and Nurhayati and Betty Roosihermiatie and Rustika and Wigati and Mardiyono and Mardiyono and Al Asyary},
  journal = {Frontiers in Public Health},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2026.1848955},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1848955},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Anti-HBc seropositivity among women of childbearing age in Indonesia: a nationally representative cross-sectional study
AU  - Noer Endah Pracoyo
AU  - Noer Endah Pracoyo
AU  - Dede Anwar Musadad
AU  - Besral
AU  - Maria Holly Herawati
AU  - Ristrini
AU  - Gurendro Putro
AU  - Ekowati Rahajeng
AU  - Shinta
AU  - Dasuki
AU  - Nurhayati
AU  - Betty Roosihermiatie
AU  - Rustika
AU  - Wigati
AU  - Mardiyono
AU  - Mardiyono
AU  - Al Asyary
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/04
JO  - Frontiers in Public Health
DO  - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1848955
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1848955
AB  - ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the national prevalence of hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) seropositivity, indicating prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure, among Indonesian women aged 15–49 years. Additionally, the study sought to identify associated sociodemographic factors.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas), a nationally representative survey with a complex sampling design and appropriate sampling weights. Anti-HBc seropositivity was measured at the Sulianti Saroso Laboratory. Of the 19,418 participants, 12,617 women were included in the final analysis. Survey-weighted logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORₐⱼ) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAnti-HBc seropositivity was significantly more common among women aged >35 years (ORₐⱼ = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.58–1.87), those with lower educational attainment (ORₐⱼ = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.05–1.28), employed women (ORₐⱼ = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09–1.29), rural residents (ORₐⱼ = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.18–1.40), and women reporting contraceptive use (ORₐⱼ = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.11–1.35).ConclusionAnti-HBc seropositivity remains a significant public health concern among Indonesian women of childbearing age, particularly those who are older, less educated, employed, living in rural areas, and reporting contraceptive use. Policy recommendations should prioritize maternal screening, timely and universal birth dose vaccination, administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) when indicated, and improved vaccination coverage among unvaccinated adults.
SN  - 2296-2565
ER  -