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Explicit bounds for the prime number theorem

Abstract

We study the problem of finding tight explicit bounds on sums over zeros of L-functions near the $1$-line with a variety of zero-free regions and zero-density estimates. As an application to demonstrate the techniques, we apply them to the case of the Riemann zeta function and the prime number theorem to obtain new best estimates on the error terms in the prime number theorem. We show that for xgeqslant21 we have |ψ(x)−x| < 0.239 x exp(−0.1982767 (1+logloglog(x)/(15loglog(x)))log(x)3/5loglog(x)−1/5). Combined with the zero-free half-plane ℜ(s)>7/8 announced by OpenAI in October 2026, the same methods give |ψ(x)−x| < 0.04934 x3/4log(x)2 + 0.02636425 x7/8 for xgeqslant 21.

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BibTeX
@misc{fiori2026explicit,
  title = {{Explicit bounds for the prime number theorem}},
  author = {Andrew Fiori and Mikko Jaskari},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.23222},
  eprint = {2609.23222},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23222},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Explicit bounds for the prime number theorem
AU  - Andrew Fiori
AU  - Mikko Jaskari
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.23222
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23222
AB  - We study the problem of finding tight explicit bounds on sums over zeros of L-functions near the $1$-line with a variety of zero-free regions and zero-density estimates. As an application to demonstrate the techniques, we apply them to the case of the Riemann zeta function and the prime number theorem to obtain new best estimates on the error terms in the prime number theorem. We show that for xgeqslant21 we have |ψ(x)−x| < 0.239 x exp(−0.1982767 (1+logloglog(x)/(15loglog(x)))log(x)^3/5loglog(x)^−1/5). Combined with the zero-free half-plane ℜ(s)>7/8 announced by OpenAI in October 2026, the same methods give |ψ(x)−x| < 0.04934 x^3/4log(x)^2 + 0.02636425 x^7/8 for xgeqslant 21.
ER  -