Integrated Photonic Devices in Thin-Film Barium Titanate: Opportunities and Challenges
Abstract
Thin-film barium titanate (BaTiO3, or BTO) has emerged as a promising electro-optic (EO) material for integrated photonics due to its exceptionally large Pockels coefficients, low optical loss, and compatibility with heterogeneous integration. Recent advances in epitaxial thin-film growth, crystal orientation control, ferroelectric domain engineering, and scalable integration have enabled EO performance in thin-film BTO approaching bulk-like properties on photonic platforms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of integrated photonic devices based on thin-film BTO, including fundamental material properties, thin-film growth and integration strategies, passive waveguide configurations, EO response at both the film and device levels, and relevant optical applications. We review the role of film orientation, domain structure, and device geometry in determining accessible EO coefficients and modulation mechanisms, as well as the distinctions between intrinsic and effective EO responses demonstrated at the film and device levels. Representative studies are compared in terms of film-quality-related metrics and device performance figures of merit, alongside emerging applications realized in BTO-based platforms. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and outline future development directions toward high-performance BTO-based integrated photonic systems.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{lin2026integrated,
title = {{Integrated Photonic Devices in Thin-Film Barium Titanate: Opportunities and Challenges}},
author = {Hong-Lin Lin and Minghao Shang and Yuhui Yin and Wujie Fu and Luo Qi and Aaron J. Danner},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.16616},
eprint = {2609.16616},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16616},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Integrated Photonic Devices in Thin-Film Barium Titanate: Opportunities and Challenges
AU - Hong-Lin Lin
AU - Minghao Shang
AU - Yuhui Yin
AU - Wujie Fu
AU - Luo Qi
AU - Aaron J. Danner
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/15
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.16616
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16616
AB - Thin-film barium titanate (BaTiO3, or BTO) has emerged as a promising electro-optic (EO) material for integrated photonics due to its exceptionally large Pockels coefficients, low optical loss, and compatibility with heterogeneous integration. Recent advances in epitaxial thin-film growth, crystal orientation control, ferroelectric domain engineering, and scalable integration have enabled EO performance in thin-film BTO approaching bulk-like properties on photonic platforms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of integrated photonic devices based on thin-film BTO, including fundamental material properties, thin-film growth and integration strategies, passive waveguide configurations, EO response at both the film and device levels, and relevant optical applications. We review the role of film orientation, domain structure, and device geometry in determining accessible EO coefficients and modulation mechanisms, as well as the distinctions between intrinsic and effective EO responses demonstrated at the film and device levels. Representative studies are compared in terms of film-quality-related metrics and device performance figures of merit, alongside emerging applications realized in BTO-based platforms. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and outline future development directions toward high-performance BTO-based integrated photonic systems.
ER -