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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Neurology

Independent association of SOT-composite with berg balance scale scores in Chinese stroke patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study

  • Wenhua Zheng1,2
  • Wei Shen1,2
  • Mengyun Li1,2
  • Gengmao Ma1,2
  • Minhan Xie1,2
  • Qingying Leng1,2
  • Ruixian Zhang3
  • Churong Liu1,2
  • Xiaolin Zeng4
  • Hanbo Chen1,2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, China Normal University
  2. 2Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital
  3. 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong China Energy Construction Electric Power Hospital
  4. 4Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Gushengtang Wushan General Outpatient Department
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Abstract

Objective: Stroke-related balance dysfunction affects 61–83% of patients, yet the quantitative relationship between sensory integration capacity and functional balance remains inadequately characterized. This study investigated the association between Sensory Organization Test (SOT) composite scores and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) performance in Chinese stroke patients.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 339 stroke patients who received treatment at Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. Exposure variable was SOT-Composite score (0–100 points, measured via NeuroCom Smart EquiTest within 48 h). Outcome variable was Berg Balance Scale total score (0–56 points, assessed within 48 h). Two models were constructed: a Core model adjusting for age, gender, diagnosis, and disease duration, and a Sensitivity model additionally adjusting for Brunnstrom lower-extremity stage and weight symmetry index. Tertile stratification of SOT-Composite scores was performed descriptively to explore dose–response patterns.

Results: In the Sensitivity model, each 1-point increase in SOT-Composite score was associated with a 0.2745-point higher Berg Balance Scale score (95% CI: 0.171–0.386, p < 0.001; Core model: β = 0.2471, 95% CI 0.137–0.357, p < 0.001). Standardized coefficient analysis in the Sensitivity model showed Brunnstrom lower-extremity stage had the strongest association (standardized β = 0.4562, p < 0.001), followed by SOT-Composite score (standardized β = 0.2527, p < 0.001). Among sensory subsystems, visual, somatosensory, and vestibular processing ratios were all significantly associated with balance performance (unstandardized β = 0.18, 0.16, and 0.15 BBS points per unit ratio change, respectively).

Conclusion: SOT-Composite score was independently associated with Berg Balance Scale performance in stroke patients, even after adjustment for multiple covariates. Whether targeted sensory training can improve balance outcomes warrants evaluation in future prospective intervention studies.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zheng2026independent,
  title = {{Independent association of SOT-composite with berg balance scale scores in Chinese stroke patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study}},
  author = {Wenhua Zheng and Wei Shen and Mengyun Li and Gengmao Ma and Minhan Xie and Qingying Leng and Ruixian Zhang and Churong Liu and Xiaolin Zeng and Hanbo Chen},
  journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fneur.2026.1918753},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1918753/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Independent association of SOT-composite with berg balance scale scores in Chinese stroke patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study
AU  - Wenhua Zheng
AU  - Wei Shen
AU  - Mengyun Li
AU  - Gengmao Ma
AU  - Minhan Xie
AU  - Qingying Leng
AU  - Ruixian Zhang
AU  - Churong Liu
AU  - Xiaolin Zeng
AU  - Hanbo Chen
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Frontiers in Neurology
DO  - 10.3389/fneur.2026.1918753
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1918753/full
AB  - Objective: Stroke-related balance dysfunction affects 61–83% of patients, yet the quantitative relationship between sensory integration capacity and functional balance remains inadequately characterized. This study investigated the association between Sensory Organization Test (SOT) composite scores and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) performance in Chinese stroke patients.  Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 339 stroke patients who received treatment at Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. Exposure variable was SOT-Composite score (0–100 points, measured via NeuroCom Smart EquiTest within 48 h). Outcome variable was Berg Balance Scale total score (0–56 points, assessed within 48 h). Two models were constructed: a Core model adjusting for age, gender, diagnosis, and disease duration, and a Sensitivity model additionally adjusting for Brunnstrom lower-extremity stage and weight symmetry index. Tertile stratification of SOT-Composite scores was performed descriptively to explore dose–response patterns.  Results: In the Sensitivity model, each 1-point increase in SOT-Composite score was associated with a 0.2745-point higher Berg Balance Scale score (95% CI: 0.171–0.386, p < 0.001; Core model: β = 0.2471, 95% CI 0.137–0.357, p < 0.001). Standardized coefficient analysis in the Sensitivity model showed Brunnstrom lower-extremity stage had the strongest association (standardized β = 0.4562, p < 0.001), followed by SOT-Composite score (standardized β = 0.2527, p < 0.001). Among sensory subsystems, visual, somatosensory, and vestibular processing ratios were all significantly associated with balance performance (unstandardized β = 0.18, 0.16, and 0.15 BBS points per unit ratio change, respectively).  Conclusion: SOT-Composite score was independently associated with Berg Balance Scale performance in stroke patients, even after adjustment for multiple covariates. Whether targeted sensory training can improve balance outcomes warrants evaluation in future prospective intervention studies.
SN  - 1664-2295
ER  -