Hypopyon from observation to insight: a multidimensional system involving pathogenesis, lesion nature, clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment
- 1The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- 2Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
Abstract
Hypopyon is a pivotal clinical sign guiding diagnosis, treatment selection and efficacy evaluation in ophthalmology. However, its overlapping etiologies, atypical presentations of rare emerging pathogens, and the lack of rapid differential tools between infectious and sterile inflammation frequently lead to delayed diagnosis, inappropriate management and irreversible visual impairment. Recent advances in multiplex molecular pathogen detection, quantitative AS-OCT imaging, and mNGS offer new perspectives for investigating the etiology of hypopyon. However, evidence that these modalities refine multi-dimensional phenotypic stratification remains limited, and challenges including variable diagnostic accuracy and the absence of standardized interpretation protocols persist. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical features and classification framework of hypopyon, covering infectious/non-infectious origins, primary/secondary occurrence, and true hypopyon/pseudohypopyon. It provides an up-to-date, evidence-based reference for accurate differential diagnosis and individualized clinical management.
Related
- Delays From Clinical Manifestations to Diagnosis of Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A National Retrospective Cohort Study
- Multidimensional manifestations of artificial intelligence literacy among clinical nurses: a qualitative descriptive study.
- Current progress and controversies in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum: pathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical management
- Case Report: Severe persistent transaminitis during pregnancy: a complex differential diagnosis involving suspected toxoplasmosis, possible drug-induced liver injury, and intrahepatic cholestasis
- The role of dermatological manifestations in the early diagnosis of Fabry disease: a scoping review.
BibTeX
@article{li2026hypopyon,
title = {{Hypopyon from observation to insight: a multidimensional system involving pathogenesis, lesion nature, clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment}},
author = {Ruoqing Li and Lijun Qu and Shiyang Niu},
journal = {Frontiers in Medicine},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2026.1935253},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1935253},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Hypopyon from observation to insight: a multidimensional system involving pathogenesis, lesion nature, clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment
AU - Ruoqing Li
AU - Lijun Qu
AU - Shiyang Niu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Frontiers in Medicine
DO - 10.3389/fmed.2026.1935253
UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1935253
AB - Hypopyon is a pivotal clinical sign guiding diagnosis, treatment selection and efficacy evaluation in ophthalmology. However, its overlapping etiologies, atypical presentations of rare emerging pathogens, and the lack of rapid differential tools between infectious and sterile inflammation frequently lead to delayed diagnosis, inappropriate management and irreversible visual impairment. Recent advances in multiplex molecular pathogen detection, quantitative AS-OCT imaging, and mNGS offer new perspectives for investigating the etiology of hypopyon. However, evidence that these modalities refine multi-dimensional phenotypic stratification remains limited, and challenges including variable diagnostic accuracy and the absence of standardized interpretation protocols persist. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical features and classification framework of hypopyon, covering infectious/non-infectious origins, primary/secondary occurrence, and true hypopyon/pseudohypopyon. It provides an up-to-date, evidence-based reference for accurate differential diagnosis and individualized clinical management.
SN - 2296-858X
ER -