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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC) for Simultaneous Active and Passive Beamforming

  • Matteo Nerini
  • Bruno Clerckx
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Abstract

Microwave linear analog computers (MiLACs) have recently emerged to enable high-performance and efficient beamforming in the analog domain. In this paper, we introduce a dual-functionality framework for MiLAC-aided transceivers. Beyond analog-domain precoding/combining (active beamforming), a MiLAC and its antenna array can simultaneously act as a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) (passive beamforming). This allows the MiLAC to execute beamforming for transmission/reception while reflecting external incident signals. We provide an optimal reconfiguration strategy for this dual-functional MiLAC, and characterize the fundamental limits on the trade-off between active and passive rate, namely the capacity region bounds and the sum-rate capacity.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{nerini2026microwave,
  title = {{Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC) for Simultaneous Active and Passive Beamforming}},
  author = {Matteo Nerini and Bruno Clerckx},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.31549},
  eprint = {2605.31549},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31549},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC) for Simultaneous Active and Passive Beamforming
AU  - Matteo Nerini
AU  - Bruno Clerckx
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/22
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2605.31549
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31549
AB  - Microwave linear analog computers (MiLACs) have recently emerged to enable high-performance and efficient beamforming in the analog domain. In this paper, we introduce a dual-functionality framework for MiLAC-aided transceivers. Beyond analog-domain precoding/combining (active beamforming), a MiLAC and its antenna array can simultaneously act as a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) (passive beamforming). This allows the MiLAC to execute beamforming for transmission/reception while reflecting external incident signals. We provide an optimal reconfiguration strategy for this dual-functional MiLAC, and characterize the fundamental limits on the trade-off between active and passive rate, namely the capacity region bounds and the sum-rate capacity.
ER  -