Cognitive reappraisal modulates neural responses to aversive sensory stimulation in autistic youth
8 affiliations
- 1School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- 2Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- 3Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- 4Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies and Kansas Center for Autism Research and Training University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
- 5Clinical Child Psychology Program University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
- 6Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
- 7School of Medicine University of California San Francisco CA USA
- 8Department of Psychology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
Abstract
Background: Sensory over‐responsivity (SOR) is highly prevalent and impairing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). SOR has been associated with sensory‐limbic hyperresponsivity and reduced prefrontal top‐down regulation during sensory stimulation. There are few evidence‐based treatments for SOR, but cognitive reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, has been shown to reduce negative feelings through activation of frontal brain regions. The current study examined whether reappraisal changes neural reactivity to aversive sensory stimulation in autistic compared to typically developing (TD) children.
Methods: Forty‐seven ASD and 45 age/IQ‐matched TD youth aged 8–15 years participated in fMRI while experiencing aversive tactile stimulation on their arm and alternately focused either on how the stimulus made them feel (‘React’), or how they would describe the stimuli objectively (‘Reappraise’). Aversiveness ratings were provided after each stimulus. Parents reported on participants' SOR severity.
Results: Autistic youth showed reduced activation in sensory cortical regions during Reappraisal compared to React. Reappraisal also resulted in increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation, with a trend toward more increases in the TD group but no significant group differences. Despite these reappraisal‐related neural changes across both groups, only TD youth showed a reduction in aversiveness ratings for Reappraisal compared to React. Among ASD youth, higher SOR was associated with fewer decreases in sensory cortices but greater increases in frontal regions during Reappraisal compared to React. Older ASD youth also showed increased activity in the ventral prefrontal cortex during Reappraisal.
Conclusions: Results suggest that cognitive reappraisal modulates neural responses during sensory processing and, more specifically, may reduce hyperactivity in sensory cortical regions previously shown to be associated with SOR. However, individual differences such as age and SOR severity may affect the extent to which top‐down cognitive processes are uniquely engaged during reappraisal.
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BibTeX
@article{shah2026cognitive,
title = {{Cognitive reappraisal modulates neural responses to aversive sensory stimulation in autistic youth}},
author = {Urvi T. Shah and Karrin Evans and Megan Banchik and Apurva Chaturvedi and Sapna Ramappa and Katie Wong and Jennifer A. Silvers and Shulamite A. Green},
journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1111/jcpp.70202},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70202},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Cognitive reappraisal modulates neural responses to aversive sensory stimulation in autistic youth
AU - Urvi T. Shah
AU - Karrin Evans
AU - Megan Banchik
AU - Apurva Chaturvedi
AU - Sapna Ramappa
AU - Katie Wong
AU - Jennifer A. Silvers
AU - Shulamite A. Green
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/15
JO - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
DO - 10.1111/jcpp.70202
UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70202
AB - Background: Sensory over‐responsivity (SOR) is highly prevalent and impairing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). SOR has been associated with sensory‐limbic hyperresponsivity and reduced prefrontal top‐down regulation during sensory stimulation. There are few evidence‐based treatments for SOR, but cognitive reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, has been shown to reduce negative feelings through activation of frontal brain regions. The current study examined whether reappraisal changes neural reactivity to aversive sensory stimulation in autistic compared to typically developing (TD) children. Methods: Forty‐seven ASD and 45 age/IQ‐matched TD youth aged 8–15 years participated in fMRI while experiencing aversive tactile stimulation on their arm and alternately focused either on how the stimulus made them feel (‘React’), or how they would describe the stimuli objectively (‘Reappraise’). Aversiveness ratings were provided after each stimulus. Parents reported on participants' SOR severity. Results: Autistic youth showed reduced activation in sensory cortical regions during Reappraisal compared to React. Reappraisal also resulted in increased dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation, with a trend toward more increases in the TD group but no significant group differences. Despite these reappraisal‐related neural changes across both groups, only TD youth showed a reduction in aversiveness ratings for Reappraisal compared to React. Among ASD youth, higher SOR was associated with fewer decreases in sensory cortices but greater increases in frontal regions during Reappraisal compared to React. Older ASD youth also showed increased activity in the ventral prefrontal cortex during Reappraisal. Conclusions: Results suggest that cognitive reappraisal modulates neural responses during sensory processing and, more specifically, may reduce hyperactivity in sensory cortical regions previously shown to be associated with SOR. However, individual differences such as age and SOR severity may affect the extent to which top‐down cognitive processes are uniquely engaged during reappraisal.
SN - 0021-9630
SN - 1469-7610
ER -