Development of a genetic transformation system in Echinochloa phyllopogon by particle bombardment.
6 affiliations
- 1Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan. [email protected].
- 2Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
- 3Faculty of Regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
- 4Agri-Innovation Education and Research Center, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan.
- 5Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. [email protected].
- 6United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan. [email protected].
Abstract
Key message
A stable particle bombardment-mediated transformation system was developed for Echinochloa phyllopogon, providing a platform for functional analysis of genes involved in herbicide metabolic detoxification. Echinochloa phyllopogon is a major C4 grass weed that causes serious yield losses in paddy fields and has evolved resistance to multiple herbicides. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance requires functional analysis of candidate genes involved in herbicide metabolic detoxification. However, the lack of a stable transformation system has limited such approaches. In this study, we established a particle bombardment-mediated transformation system for E. phyllopogon using embryogenic calli and plasmid pAHC25 carrying the GUS reporter gene and the bialaphos resistance gene (bar) selectable marker. Three morphologically distinct callus types were identified, among which Type 1 (compact) and Type 2 (friable) embryogenic calli exhibited significantly higher regeneration ability and transient GUS expression than Type 3 calli (wet and viscous). This finding indicates that callus quality is a critical determinant of transformation efficiency. In addition, callus culture duration significantly affected transformation outcomes. Calli cultured for 90 days produced the highest transformation efficiency (5.0%) and retained full regeneration capacity, whereas prolonged culture (300 and 630 days) resulted in reduced regeneration and transformation efficiency. Stable transgene integration and expression were confirmed by Southern blot analysis and histochemical GUS staining. Furthermore, transgenic plants exhibited strong resistance to Basta in the T₁ generation, indicating that the herbicide-resistant phenotype was transmitted to the next generation. These results demonstrate that both callus type and culture duration are key factors for efficient transformation. The transformation system established in this study provides a valuable platform for functional analysis of genes involved in herbicide metabolic detoxification in E. phyllopogon.
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BibTeX
@article{gondo2026development,
title = {{Development of a genetic transformation system in Echinochloa phyllopogon by particle bombardment.}},
author = {Takahiro Gondo and Manami Sugahara and Hwan May Ng and Kentaro Yasuda and Satoshi Iwakami},
journal = {Plant cell reports},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1007/s00299-026-03978-4},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42875630},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Development of a genetic transformation system in Echinochloa phyllopogon by particle bombardment.
AU - Takahiro Gondo
AU - Manami Sugahara
AU - Hwan May Ng
AU - Kentaro Yasuda
AU - Satoshi Iwakami
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
JO - Plant cell reports
DO - 10.1007/s00299-026-03978-4
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42875630
AB - Key message A stable particle bombardment-mediated transformation system was developed for Echinochloa phyllopogon, providing a platform for functional analysis of genes involved in herbicide metabolic detoxification. Echinochloa phyllopogon is a major C4 grass weed that causes serious yield losses in paddy fields and has evolved resistance to multiple herbicides. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance requires functional analysis of candidate genes involved in herbicide metabolic detoxification. However, the lack of a stable transformation system has limited such approaches. In this study, we established a particle bombardment-mediated transformation system for E. phyllopogon using embryogenic calli and plasmid pAHC25 carrying the GUS reporter gene and the bialaphos resistance gene (bar) selectable marker. Three morphologically distinct callus types were identified, among which Type 1 (compact) and Type 2 (friable) embryogenic calli exhibited significantly higher regeneration ability and transient GUS expression than Type 3 calli (wet and viscous). This finding indicates that callus quality is a critical determinant of transformation efficiency. In addition, callus culture duration significantly affected transformation outcomes. Calli cultured for 90 days produced the highest transformation efficiency (5.0%) and retained full regeneration capacity, whereas prolonged culture (300 and 630 days) resulted in reduced regeneration and transformation efficiency. Stable transgene integration and expression were confirmed by Southern blot analysis and histochemical GUS staining. Furthermore, transgenic plants exhibited strong resistance to Basta in the T₁ generation, indicating that the herbicide-resistant phenotype was transmitted to the next generation. These results demonstrate that both callus type and culture duration are key factors for efficient transformation. The transformation system established in this study provides a valuable platform for functional analysis of genes involved in herbicide metabolic detoxification in E. phyllopogon.
SN - 0721-7714
SN - 1432-203X
ER -