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Peer-reviewedCC BYBioelectromagnetics

Mobile Device Use in Children Aged 0-11 Years-Surveys in the Netherlands and Spain.

8 affiliations
  1. 1Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
  2. 2ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
  3. 3Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
  4. 4C.I.U.S Healthcare Innovation Lab, Nice, France.
  5. 5i3 (CNRS-Telecom Paris), Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France.
  6. 6ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
  7. 7Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
  8. 8Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Abstract

While relevant for public health policy-making, little information is currently available about children's usage of mobile devices and on the activities performed with these devices. This paper presents results of two surveys conducted in the Netherlands and one in Spain about the activities children perform on mobile devices (Netherlands: 0-11 years, Spain: 3-11 years). Parents reported in questionnaires the type and duration of activities performed by children with different device types (smartphone, tablet, laptop). Descriptive analyses stratified by different socio-demographic variables are reported. Cluster analyses were conducted to explore patterns of usage. Results show that even young children (0-2 years old) perform some activity, usually calling or video streaming. The number and the duration of activities were highest among the older children (9-11 years). The kind of activities children perform changes with age, with some activities emerging early, such as video streaming, and others later, like videogaming. Cluster analysis shows that gender differences may already exist in the 0-2 years old range, with girls performing more calling activities than boys. These results can inform future studies and policy making on long-term effects of mobile devices exposure and on psychological and mental health. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00-00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

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BibTeX
@article{ariccio2026mobile,
  title = {{Mobile Device Use in Children Aged 0-11 Years-Surveys in the Netherlands and Spain.}},
  author = {Silvia Ariccio and Dora Cserbik and Patricia de Llobet Viladoms and Marthe Knijff and Bastien Tavner and Laura Draetta and Elisabeth Cardis and Monica Guxens and Anke Huss},
  journal = {Bioelectromagnetics},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/bem.70072},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42905936},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mobile Device Use in Children Aged 0-11 Years-Surveys in the Netherlands and Spain.
AU  - Silvia Ariccio
AU  - Dora Cserbik
AU  - Patricia de Llobet Viladoms
AU  - Marthe Knijff
AU  - Bastien Tavner
AU  - Laura Draetta
AU  - Elisabeth Cardis
AU  - Monica Guxens
AU  - Anke Huss
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Bioelectromagnetics
DO  - 10.1002/bem.70072
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42905936
AB  - While relevant for public health policy-making, little information is currently available about children's usage of mobile devices and on the activities performed with these devices. This paper presents results of two surveys conducted in the Netherlands and one in Spain about the activities children perform on mobile devices (Netherlands: 0-11 years, Spain: 3-11 years). Parents reported in questionnaires the type and duration of activities performed by children with different device types (smartphone, tablet, laptop). Descriptive analyses stratified by different socio-demographic variables are reported. Cluster analyses were conducted to explore patterns of usage. Results show that even young children (0-2 years old) perform some activity, usually calling or video streaming. The number and the duration of activities were highest among the older children (9-11 years). The kind of activities children perform changes with age, with some activities emerging early, such as video streaming, and others later, like videogaming. Cluster analysis shows that gender differences may already exist in the 0-2 years old range, with girls performing more calling activities than boys. These results can inform future studies and policy making on long-term effects of mobile devices exposure and on psychological and mental health. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00-00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
SN  - 0197-8462
SN  - 1521-186X
ER  -