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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Molecules

Analysis of the Chemical Profile of the Essential Oil from Leaves and Cones of Four Varieties of Humulus lupulus Cultivated in a Subtropical Climate Under Edaphoclimatic Conditions

  • Gabriela Catuzo Canônico Silva1
  • José Junior Severino1
  • Fabiana Pereira Alves da Silva1
  • Ricardo Furtado Silva1
  • Janaine Gilliet Campanholi2
  • Cleuni Fernanda Thomas Sulzbach3
  • Judson Ricardo Ribeiro da Silva4
  • Luciana Kazue Otutumi2
  • Maria Graciela Iecher Faria Nunes1
  • Juliana Silveira do Valle1,2
  • Daniela Dib Gonçalves2,3
  • João Paulo Francisco5
3 more authors
  • José Eduardo Gonçalves4
  • Antonio Laverde Junior6
  • Zilda Cristiani Gazim1,2,3
6 affiliations
  1. 1Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
  2. 2Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
  3. 3Graduate Program in Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
  4. 4Graduate Program in Clean Technologies, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, UniCesumar, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
  5. 5Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Campus Umuarama, Umuarama 87020-900, Brazil
  6. 6Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Londrina, Londrina 86036-700, Brazil
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Abstract

Cultivating Humulus lupulus L. under subtropical conditions is challenging because hops are adapted to temperate climates, where environmental factors influence plant development and secondary metabolism. This study evaluated the essential oil yield and chemical composition of cones and leaves from four hop varieties (Cascade, Columbus, Comet, and Nugget) cultivated under subtropical conditions in northwestern Paraná, Brazil. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS. Chemical variability was investigated using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Cascade and Columbus showed better agronomic performance, while Nugget and Comet produced the highest essential oil yields in cones (1.532% and 0.695%, respectively). In leaves, Nugget, Cascade, and Comet exhibited the highest yields. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated in most samples, with α-humulene and β-caryophyllene as major constituents in both organs. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes, including caryophyllene oxide and humulene oxides, were also identified in the essential oils. Phytol was relatively abundant in the leaves of Cascade, Columbus, and Nugget, demonstrating differences between vegetative and reproductive tissues. PCA revealed distinct chemical patterns among varieties and harvest periods, emphasizing the influence of genotype and seasonal conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of hop cultivation under subtropical conditions and highlight leaves as a promising source of volatile compounds for further valorization and industrial applications.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{silva2026analysis,
  title = {{Analysis of the Chemical Profile of the Essential Oil from Leaves and Cones of Four Varieties of Humulus lupulus Cultivated in a Subtropical Climate Under Edaphoclimatic Conditions}},
  author = {Gabriela Catuzo Canônico Silva and José Junior Severino and Fabiana Pereira Alves da Silva and Ricardo Furtado Silva and Janaine Gilliet Campanholi and Cleuni Fernanda Thomas Sulzbach and Judson Ricardo Ribeiro da Silva and Luciana Kazue Otutumi and Maria Graciela Iecher Faria Nunes and Juliana Silveira do Valle and Daniela Dib Gonçalves and João Paulo Francisco and José Eduardo Gonçalves and Antonio Laverde Junior and Zilda Cristiani Gazim},
  journal = {Molecules},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/molecules31203605},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3605},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Analysis of the Chemical Profile of the Essential Oil from Leaves and Cones of Four Varieties of Humulus lupulus Cultivated in a Subtropical Climate Under Edaphoclimatic Conditions
AU  - Gabriela Catuzo Canônico Silva
AU  - José Junior Severino
AU  - Fabiana Pereira Alves da Silva
AU  - Ricardo Furtado Silva
AU  - Janaine Gilliet Campanholi
AU  - Cleuni Fernanda Thomas Sulzbach
AU  - Judson Ricardo Ribeiro da Silva
AU  - Luciana Kazue Otutumi
AU  - Maria Graciela Iecher Faria Nunes
AU  - Juliana Silveira do Valle
AU  - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
AU  - João Paulo Francisco
AU  - José Eduardo Gonçalves
AU  - Antonio Laverde Junior
AU  - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Molecules
DO  - 10.3390/molecules31203605
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3605
AB  - Cultivating Humulus lupulus L. under subtropical conditions is challenging because hops are adapted to temperate climates, where environmental factors influence plant development and secondary metabolism. This study evaluated the essential oil yield and chemical composition of cones and leaves from four hop varieties (Cascade, Columbus, Comet, and Nugget) cultivated under subtropical conditions in northwestern Paraná, Brazil. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC–MS. Chemical variability was investigated using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Cascade and Columbus showed better agronomic performance, while Nugget and Comet produced the highest essential oil yields in cones (1.532% and 0.695%, respectively). In leaves, Nugget, Cascade, and Comet exhibited the highest yields. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated in most samples, with α-humulene and β-caryophyllene as major constituents in both organs. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes, including caryophyllene oxide and humulene oxides, were also identified in the essential oils. Phytol was relatively abundant in the leaves of Cascade, Columbus, and Nugget, demonstrating differences between vegetative and reproductive tissues. PCA revealed distinct chemical patterns among varieties and harvest periods, emphasizing the influence of genotype and seasonal conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of hop cultivation under subtropical conditions and highlight leaves as a promising source of volatile compounds for further valorization and industrial applications.
SN  - 1420-3049
ER  -