The unified Bound Dark Energy--Bound Dark Matter model: theory and constraints from DESI DR2
Abstract
The unified Bound Dark Energy--Bound Dark Matter (BDE-BDM) model derives both the dark energy and the whole of the dark matter from a single supersymmetric SU(3) gauge group with Nf=6 flavors. Gauge-coupling unification predicts the scale at which it condenses, Lc=34+16−11~eV, before any cosmological data are used, so the dark-energy sector adds no parameter to those of \LCDM\ and the dark-matter sector adds only one. Fitting DESI DR2 BAO, Planck CMB, Planck+ACT DR6 CMB lensing, and three supernova compilations (PantheonPlus, Union3.1, DES-Dovekie) gives, for Union3.1, Lc=43.67±0.13~eV, inside the predicted range: a high-energy prediction met by a late-time measurement. The equation of state evolves to w0=−0.9262±0.0005 and never crosses the phantom divide. Relative to \LCDM\ the model lowers the DESI BAO χ2 by $2.95−−3.67$ and the supernova χ2 by $2.53−−4.07$, recovering 57%--71% of the total reduction that \wowa\ obtains by fitting two dark-energy parameters to the same data, and reaching the lower BAO χ2 of the two models for two of the three compilations. Its ΔDIC against \LCDM\ is strong for every compilation, −8.28 to −7.47, varying by $0.81$ where that of \wowa\ varies by $4.8$. Because the dark-energy sector adds no parameter to those of \LCDM, the likelihood gain survives the Occam penalty: ln B=+4.09, +4.12, and +4.83 against \LCDM, where \wowa\ gives −2.11, −0.26, and −0.56. Among six models pairing a cosmological constant, the \wowa\ parametrization or bound dark energy with cold or bound dark matter, BDE-BDM has the largest Bayesian evidence.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{torres2026unified,
title = {{The unified Bound Dark Energy--Bound Dark Matter model: theory and constraints from DESI DR2}},
author = {Jose Agustin Lozano Torres and Axel de la Macorra},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.20716},
eprint = {2610.20716},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20716},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - The unified Bound Dark Energy--Bound Dark Matter model: theory and constraints from DESI DR2
AU - Jose Agustin Lozano Torres
AU - Axel de la Macorra
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.20716
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20716
AB - The unified Bound Dark Energy--Bound Dark Matter (BDE-BDM) model derives both the dark energy and the whole of the dark matter from a single supersymmetric SU(3) gauge group with N_f=6 flavors. Gauge-coupling unification predicts the scale at which it condenses, Lc=34^+16_−11~eV, before any cosmological data are used, so the dark-energy sector adds no parameter to those of \LCDM\ and the dark-matter sector adds only one. Fitting DESI DR2 BAO, Planck CMB, Planck+ACT DR6 CMB lensing, and three supernova compilations (PantheonPlus, Union3.1, DES-Dovekie) gives, for Union3.1, Lc=43.67±0.13~eV, inside the predicted range: a high-energy prediction met by a late-time measurement. The equation of state evolves to w_0=−0.9262±0.0005 and never crosses the phantom divide. Relative to \LCDM\ the model lowers the DESI BAO χ^2 by $2.95−−3.67$ and the supernova χ^2 by $2.53−−4.07$, recovering 57%--71% of the total reduction that \wowa\ obtains by fitting two dark-energy parameters to the same data, and reaching the lower BAO χ^2 of the two models for two of the three compilations. Its ΔDIC against \LCDM\ is strong for every compilation, −8.28 to −7.47, varying by $0.81$ where that of \wowa\ varies by $4.8$. Because the dark-energy sector adds no parameter to those of \LCDM, the likelihood gain survives the Occam penalty: ln B=+4.09, +4.12, and +4.83 against \LCDM, where \wowa\ gives −2.11, −0.26, and −0.56. Among six models pairing a cosmological constant, the \wowa\ parametrization or bound dark energy with cold or bound dark matter, BDE-BDM has the largest Bayesian evidence.
ER -