Kaolin-derived Cu(ii)-doped zeolite supported on nickel foam for electrochemical paracetamol detection.
- 1Institute for Catalysis and Energy Solutions, College of Science, Engineering and Technology (CSET), University of South Africa (UNISA) Florida 1709 Johannesburg South Africa [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected].
- 2Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University Dilla Ethiopia [email protected].
- 3Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa [email protected] [email protected].
Abstract
A kaolin-derived Cu(ii)-doped zeolite (Cu-Z1) was synthesized through metakaolin activation, alkaline crystallization, and subsequent Cu2+ ion exchange, and immobilized on nickel foam (Cu-Z1/NiF) for electrochemical determination of paracetamol. The synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTGA). The characterization results confirmed preservation of a ZSM-5-type aluminosilicate framework following Cu(ii) incorporation, with accompanying changes in crystallinity, morphology, and surface chemical environment. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated enhanced paracetamol oxidation at Cu-Z1/NiF compared with bare nickel foam and undoped Z1/NiF, giving an anodic peak current of 75.69 µA, a midpoint potential of 355 mV, and reduced charge-transfer resistance. Under optimized conditions, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed a linear response over 5-100 µM paracetamol, with a detection limit of 0.3926 µM, sensitivity of 2.0456 µA µM-1 cm-2, and R2 = 0.9971. The sensor exhibited good selectivity toward paracetamol in the presence of dopamine, uric acid, and glucose, with repeatability below 0.8% RSD. It retained 95.8% of its initial response after 20 days. Analysis of commercial paracetamol tablets produced recoveries of 95.91-99.29%, demonstrating the applicability of the Cu-Z1/NiF sensor for pharmaceutical paracetamol determination.
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BibTeX
@article{chemere2026kaolinderived,
title = {{Kaolin-derived Cu(ii)-doped zeolite supported on nickel foam for electrochemical paracetamol detection.}},
author = {Endazenaw Bizuneh Chemere and Chernet Beraso Jigso and Washington Mhike and Mapula Lucey Mavhungu and Winny Kgabo Maboya and Makgwane Peter Ramashadi and Abolanle Saheed Adekunle},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra09658a},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953746},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Kaolin-derived Cu(ii)-doped zeolite supported on nickel foam for electrochemical paracetamol detection.
AU - Endazenaw Bizuneh Chemere
AU - Chernet Beraso Jigso
AU - Washington Mhike
AU - Mapula Lucey Mavhungu
AU - Winny Kgabo Maboya
AU - Makgwane Peter Ramashadi
AU - Abolanle Saheed Adekunle
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra09658a
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953746
AB - A kaolin-derived Cu(ii)-doped zeolite (Cu-Z1) was synthesized through metakaolin activation, alkaline crystallization, and subsequent Cu2+ ion exchange, and immobilized on nickel foam (Cu-Z1/NiF) for electrochemical determination of paracetamol. The synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTGA). The characterization results confirmed preservation of a ZSM-5-type aluminosilicate framework following Cu(ii) incorporation, with accompanying changes in crystallinity, morphology, and surface chemical environment. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated enhanced paracetamol oxidation at Cu-Z1/NiF compared with bare nickel foam and undoped Z1/NiF, giving an anodic peak current of 75.69 µA, a midpoint potential of 355 mV, and reduced charge-transfer resistance. Under optimized conditions, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed a linear response over 5-100 µM paracetamol, with a detection limit of 0.3926 µM, sensitivity of 2.0456 µA µM-1 cm-2, and R2 = 0.9971. The sensor exhibited good selectivity toward paracetamol in the presence of dopamine, uric acid, and glucose, with repeatability below 0.8% RSD. It retained 95.8% of its initial response after 20 days. Analysis of commercial paracetamol tablets produced recoveries of 95.91-99.29%, demonstrating the applicability of the Cu-Z1/NiF sensor for pharmaceutical paracetamol determination.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -