Association of body weight change with incident chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes without proteinuria: a nationwide cohort study
7 affiliations
- 1Department of Nephrology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital
- 2Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
- 3Division of Medical HematoOncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital
- 6William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
- 7Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University
Abstract
The association of body weight change with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. In this nationwide, Korean population-based cohort study, we investigated the association between body weight change and CKD in patients with T2DM using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Between January 2009 and December 2012, we analyzed data from 981,953 patients with T2DM without proteinuria who underwent two consecutive general health checkups. The mean interval between the two examinations was 715 ± 115 days. Body weight change was categorized as severe (≤ − 10%) and moderate (− 10% to ≤ − 5%) weight loss, stable weight (− 5% to ≤ 5%), and moderate (5% to ≤ 10%) and severe (> 10%) weight gain; during follow-up, the percentage of participants who developed incident CKD in these groups was 8.78%, 7.58%, 7.18%, 8.17%, and 9.26%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis using the stable weight group as reference, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for CKD were 1.020 (0.972–1.070), 0.971 (0.948–0.995), 1.209 (1.179–1.241), and 1.528 (1.459–1.601) in the severe weight loss, moderate weight loss, moderate weight gain, and severe weight gain groups. Thus, in this nationwide Korean cohort of adults with T2DM without proteinuria, weight gain > 5% was consistently associated with higher odds of incident CKD, whereas moderate weight loss was associated with slightly lower odds. Severe weight loss showed higher crude CKD incidence but no independent association after multivariable adjustment, suggesting that marked weight loss should be interpreted cautiously.
Related
- Cumulative exposure to the remnant cholesterol inflammation index and incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults : A nationwide cohort study from CHARLS
- Joint association of the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and frailty with incident stroke: a nationwide prospective cohort study
- Dose-Dependent Association of Long-Term Metformin Use and Diabetic Nephropathy Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan
- Association of the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value with Persistent Proteinuria in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
- Fatty liver index-defined hepatic steatosis and impaired fasting glucose differentially associate with incident diabetes and cardiovascular events in older adults: a nationwide cohort study
BibTeX
@article{oh2026association,
title = {{Association of body weight change with incident chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes without proteinuria: a nationwide cohort study}},
author = {Hyung Jung Oh and Seonghyeon Bu and Seoree Kim and Dukmoon Chung and Su Hyun Kim and Nay Aung and Kyung-Do Han and Hyo-Suk Ahn},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-63494-z},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63494-z},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association of body weight change with incident chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes without proteinuria: a nationwide cohort study
AU - Hyung Jung Oh
AU - Seonghyeon Bu
AU - Seoree Kim
AU - Dukmoon Chung
AU - Su Hyun Kim
AU - Nay Aung
AU - Kyung-Do Han
AU - Hyo-Suk Ahn
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - Scientific Reports
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-63494-z
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-63494-z
AB - The association of body weight change with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. In this nationwide, Korean population-based cohort study, we investigated the association between body weight change and CKD in patients with T2DM using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Between January 2009 and December 2012, we analyzed data from 981,953 patients with T2DM without proteinuria who underwent two consecutive general health checkups. The mean interval between the two examinations was 715 ± 115 days. Body weight change was categorized as severe (≤ − 10%) and moderate (− 10% to ≤ − 5%) weight loss, stable weight (− 5% to ≤ 5%), and moderate (5% to ≤ 10%) and severe (> 10%) weight gain; during follow-up, the percentage of participants who developed incident CKD in these groups was 8.78%, 7.58%, 7.18%, 8.17%, and 9.26%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis using the stable weight group as reference, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for CKD were 1.020 (0.972–1.070), 0.971 (0.948–0.995), 1.209 (1.179–1.241), and 1.528 (1.459–1.601) in the severe weight loss, moderate weight loss, moderate weight gain, and severe weight gain groups. Thus, in this nationwide Korean cohort of adults with T2DM without proteinuria, weight gain > 5% was consistently associated with higher odds of incident CKD, whereas moderate weight loss was associated with slightly lower odds. Severe weight loss showed higher crude CKD incidence but no independent association after multivariable adjustment, suggesting that marked weight loss should be interpreted cautiously.
SN - 2045-2322
ER -