Breast Cancer Therapy: Network Pharmacology of Several New Dithiocarbamate Complexes to Reveal Significant Target Proteins
11 affiliations
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Jalan Daeng Tata Raya Makassar, 90244, Indonesia.
- 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
- 3Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
- 4Research Centre for Electrical Power and Mechatronics, Institute of Science (LIPI), Bandung, Indonesia.
- 5Department of Computer Science, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
- 6Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
- 7Bioinformatics Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Bioinformatics (INBIO), Malang, Indonesia.
- 8Research Center for Computing, Research Organization for Electronics and Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia.
- 9Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Technology, Megarezky University, Makassar 90234, Indonesia.
- 10Department of Natural Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia.
- 11Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, and Natural Science, Universitas Pakuan Bogor, Indonesia.
Abstract
Purpose:: This study aims to identify key molecular targets and pathways of newly designed metal–dithiocarbamate peptide complexes in breast cancer using a network pharmacology approach, addressing the limited understanding of their systems-level mechanisms of action.
Methods:: Fifteen essential metal dithiocarbamate complexes were evaluated using ADMET profiling and network pharmacology analysis. Potential protein targets were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred databases, followed by protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis via STRING and topological analysis using Cytoscape.
Results:: A total of 502 potential targets were identified, of which 21 hub proteins were extracted through network clustering. Topological analysis revealed CDK1, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CCNB2 as key hub genes with the highest degree (≥20), betweenness, and closeness centrality values. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these targets were primarily involved in cell cycle regulation, cellular senescence, and p53 signaling pathway.
Conclusion:: This study provides a system-level perspective on the potential anticancer mechanisms of metal–dithiocarbamate complexes in breast cancer. Although the findings are predictive and computational, they highlight promising molecular targets that warrant further experimental validation.
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BibTeX
@article{irfandi2026breast,
title = {{Breast Cancer Therapy: Network Pharmacology of Several New Dithiocarbamate Complexes to Reveal Significant Target Proteins}},
author = {Rizal Irfandi and Indah Raya and Diana Eka Pratiwi and Ahyar Ahmad and Ahmad Fudholi and Wisnu Ananta Kusuma and Rizka Fatriani and Dewi Luthfiana and Maulida Mazaya and Santi Santi and Nunuk Hariani Soekamto and Hasnah Natsir and Maming Maming and Ramlawati Ramlawati and Suriati Eka Putri and Desy Kartina and Muhammad Nur Alam},
journal = {Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.31557/apjcp.2026.27.6.2065},
url = {https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2026.27.6.2065},
note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Breast Cancer Therapy: Network Pharmacology of Several New Dithiocarbamate Complexes to Reveal Significant Target Proteins
AU - Rizal Irfandi
AU - Indah Raya
AU - Diana Eka Pratiwi
AU - Ahyar Ahmad
AU - Ahmad Fudholi
AU - Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
AU - Rizka Fatriani
AU - Dewi Luthfiana
AU - Maulida Mazaya
AU - Santi Santi
AU - Nunuk Hariani Soekamto
AU - Hasnah Natsir
AU - Maming Maming
AU - Ramlawati Ramlawati
AU - Suriati Eka Putri
AU - Desy Kartina
AU - Muhammad Nur Alam
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/19
JO - Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
DO - 10.31557/apjcp.2026.27.6.2065
UR - https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2026.27.6.2065
AB - Purpose:: This study aims to identify key molecular targets and pathways of newly designed metal–dithiocarbamate peptide complexes in breast cancer using a network pharmacology approach, addressing the limited understanding of their systems-level mechanisms of action. Methods:: Fifteen essential metal dithiocarbamate complexes were evaluated using ADMET profiling and network pharmacology analysis. Potential protein targets were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred databases, followed by protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis via STRING and topological analysis using Cytoscape. Results:: A total of 502 potential targets were identified, of which 21 hub proteins were extracted through network clustering. Topological analysis revealed CDK1, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CCNB2 as key hub genes with the highest degree (≥20), betweenness, and closeness centrality values. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these targets were primarily involved in cell cycle regulation, cellular senescence, and p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion:: This study provides a system-level perspective on the potential anticancer mechanisms of metal–dithiocarbamate complexes in breast cancer. Although the findings are predictive and computational, they highlight promising molecular targets that warrant further experimental validation.
SN - 1513-7368
SN - 2476-762X
ER -