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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Public Health

Development and psychometric evaluation of a pre-sarcopenia risk assessment scale for sedentary young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Chen-Xia Zhang1
  • Cong-Cong Jin1
  • Shi-Wei Liu1
  • Xiao-Fang Wei1
  • Jiao-Jun Mu1
  1. 1Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital
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Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to develop a self-reported risk-assessment scale for pre-sarcopenia-related behavioral and functional risk in sedentary young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess its psychometric properties.

Methods: Following COSMIN guidelines, an initial item pool was generated via literature review and semi-structured interviews, then refined through two Delphi rounds and a pilot survey. A convenience sample of 435 patients (June 2024–February 2025) was recruited; 215 participated in exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 220 in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability and validity were evaluated.

Results: The final 18-item scale comprises four dimensions: behavioral risk perception, muscle function monitoring, sedentary behavior characteristics, and intervention intention. EFA extracted four factors explaining 81.25% of the total variance. CFA demonstrated good model fit ( χ ² /df = 1.583, RMSEA = 0.076, SRMR = 0.038, CFI = 0.965, GFI = 0.917). The scale-level content validity index was 0.92; Cronbach’s α was 0.894 and split-half reliability 0.792.

Conclusion: The newly developed scale showed satisfactory preliminary reliability and construct validity. It should be regarded as a self-reported risk-assessment instrument for pre-sarcopenia-related behavioral and functional risk, rather than a diagnostic or case-finding tool for pre-sarcopenia. Positive risk identification should be confirmed by objective measures such as handgrip strength, muscle mass, and physical performance.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhang2026development,
  title = {{Development and psychometric evaluation of a pre-sarcopenia risk assessment scale for sedentary young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus}},
  author = {Chen-Xia Zhang and Cong-Cong Jin and Shi-Wei Liu and Xiao-Fang Wei and Jiao-Jun Mu},
  journal = {Frontiers in Public Health},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2026.1960222},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1960222/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Development and psychometric evaluation of a pre-sarcopenia risk assessment scale for sedentary young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
AU  - Chen-Xia Zhang
AU  - Cong-Cong Jin
AU  - Shi-Wei Liu
AU  - Xiao-Fang Wei
AU  - Jiao-Jun Mu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/30
JO  - Frontiers in Public Health
DO  - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1960222
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1960222/full
AB  - Aims: The aim of this study was to develop a self-reported risk-assessment scale for pre-sarcopenia-related behavioral and functional risk in sedentary young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess its psychometric properties.  Methods: Following COSMIN guidelines, an initial item pool was generated via literature review and semi-structured interviews, then refined through two Delphi rounds and a pilot survey. A convenience sample of 435 patients (June 2024–February 2025) was recruited; 215 participated in exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and 220 in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability and validity were evaluated.  Results: The final 18-item scale comprises four dimensions: behavioral risk perception, muscle function monitoring, sedentary behavior characteristics, and intervention intention. EFA extracted four factors explaining 81.25% of the total variance. CFA demonstrated good model fit ( χ ² /df = 1.583, RMSEA = 0.076, SRMR = 0.038, CFI = 0.965, GFI = 0.917). The scale-level content validity index was 0.92; Cronbach’s α was 0.894 and split-half reliability 0.792.  Conclusion: The newly developed scale showed satisfactory preliminary reliability and construct validity. It should be regarded as a self-reported risk-assessment instrument for pre-sarcopenia-related behavioral and functional risk, rather than a diagnostic or case-finding tool for pre-sarcopenia. Positive risk identification should be confirmed by objective measures such as handgrip strength, muscle mass, and physical performance.
SN  - 2296-2565
ER  -