Morphological Characterization, Essential Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Some Cultivars from the Genera Monarda, Satureja, Thymus, Ocimum and Hyssopus Grown in the Central Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine
7 affiliations
- 1Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland
- 2Department of Drug Technology and Pharmacognosy, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Street 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- 3Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture of the NAAS of Ukraine, Khlibodarske, 67667 Odesa, Ukraine
- 4Department of Microbiology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Street 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- 5Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska Street 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- 6Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
- 7Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
Abstract
Representatives of five genera of the Lamiaceae family, such as Thymus, Satureja, Monarda, Ocimum, and Hyssopus, are especially appreciated for their valuable decorative features and the beneficial biological properties of their essential oils and extracts. In this study, the key morphological features of eight new cultivars (Monarda didyma L., Monarda bradburiana L. C. Beck, Satureja hortensis L., Satureja coerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Ocimum basilicum var. citriodorum L., and Hyssopus officinalis L.), cultivated firstly under the conditions of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine, as well as the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of their essential oils, were studied. The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the fresh aerial parts of the studied plants via hydrodistillation was evaluated by GC-MS. In addition, the screening tests of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical isolate), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) were performed using the disk diffusion method. Two essential oils, T. vulgaris and M. didyma, were rich in thymol (49.9% and 58.5%, respectively), and four essential oils (M. didyma, M. bradburiana, S. hortensis, and S. coerulea) were rich in carvacrol (49.4–69.9%). The essential oil of O. basilicum contained linalool, citral, and neral (38.7%, 12.6%, and 9.4%), whereas the essential oil of H. officinalis contained pinanone (51.3%) and pinocarvone (18.5%). All the tested essential oils exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The essential oils of M. didyma, M. bradburiana, S. hortensis, S. coerulea, T. vulgaris, and O. basilicum had strong antibacterial activity against E. coli as well. Our findings demonstrated that the studied essential oils are rich in characteristic terpenes and terpenoids, which are likely to induce their antimicrobial activity. The revealed morphological features, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils highlight the need for further studies to assess the repeatability of results for these cultivars bred across other years on the same plots. Additionally, the studied plants have great potential for further research on the development of medicinal and cosmetic products with various biological properties.
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BibTeX
@article{hudz2026morphological,
title = {{Morphological Characterization, Essential Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Some Cultivars from the Genera Monarda, Satureja, Thymus, Ocimum and Hyssopus Grown in the Central Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine}},
author = {Nataliia Hudz and Oksana Yezerska and Serhii Svydenko and Tetiana Rumynska and Andrii Lozynskyi and Mariia Shanaida and Liudas Ivanauskas},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31213946},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3946},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Morphological Characterization, Essential Oil Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Some Cultivars from the Genera Monarda, Satureja, Thymus, Ocimum and Hyssopus Grown in the Central Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine
AU - Nataliia Hudz
AU - Oksana Yezerska
AU - Serhii Svydenko
AU - Tetiana Rumynska
AU - Andrii Lozynskyi
AU - Mariia Shanaida
AU - Liudas Ivanauskas
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31213946
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/21/3946
AB - Representatives of five genera of the Lamiaceae family, such as Thymus, Satureja, Monarda, Ocimum, and Hyssopus, are especially appreciated for their valuable decorative features and the beneficial biological properties of their essential oils and extracts. In this study, the key morphological features of eight new cultivars (Monarda didyma L., Monarda bradburiana L. C. Beck, Satureja hortensis L., Satureja coerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Ocimum basilicum var. citriodorum L., and Hyssopus officinalis L.), cultivated firstly under the conditions of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine, as well as the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of their essential oils, were studied. The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the fresh aerial parts of the studied plants via hydrodistillation was evaluated by GC-MS. In addition, the screening tests of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical isolate), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) were performed using the disk diffusion method. Two essential oils, T. vulgaris and M. didyma, were rich in thymol (49.9% and 58.5%, respectively), and four essential oils (M. didyma, M. bradburiana, S. hortensis, and S. coerulea) were rich in carvacrol (49.4–69.9%). The essential oil of O. basilicum contained linalool, citral, and neral (38.7%, 12.6%, and 9.4%), whereas the essential oil of H. officinalis contained pinanone (51.3%) and pinocarvone (18.5%). All the tested essential oils exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The essential oils of M. didyma, M. bradburiana, S. hortensis, S. coerulea, T. vulgaris, and O. basilicum had strong antibacterial activity against E. coli as well. Our findings demonstrated that the studied essential oils are rich in characteristic terpenes and terpenoids, which are likely to induce their antimicrobial activity. The revealed morphological features, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils highlight the need for further studies to assess the repeatability of results for these cultivars bred across other years on the same plots. Additionally, the studied plants have great potential for further research on the development of medicinal and cosmetic products with various biological properties.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -