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Peer-reviewedCC BYRespirology case reports

Mixed Invasive Fungal Pneumonia Caused by Aspergillus, Candida, Mucor in an Immunocompromised Host

  • Taeyun Kim1
  • Eunjoo Jung2
  • Yohan Jeon3
  • Hyunji Choi4
  • Ho-Sup Lee5
  • Tae-Won Jang1
  • Chul-Ho Oak1
5 affiliations
  1. 1Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea.
  2. 2Department of Internal Medicine Kosin University Gospel Hospital Busan Republic of Korea.
  3. 3Department of Pathology Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea.
  4. 4Department of Laboratory Medicine Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea.
  5. 5Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine Busan Republic of Korea.
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Abstract

Invasive fungal pneumonia (IFP) is a life-threatening complication in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancies. Mixed IFP are uncommon, given its substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of rapidly progressive mixed IFP caused by Aspergillus, Candida and Mucor species in a 60-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma following chemotherapy. Despite early empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy guided by serum galactomannan positivity and radiologic progression, the patient's clinical condition deteriorated. Bronchoscopy revealed extensive necrotic endobronchial lesions, and histopathologic examination confirmed simultaneous infection with three fungal pathogens. Although intensive treatment with an antifungal agent and mechanical ventilation were provided, the patient died of refractory respiratory failure within 1 week of hospitalization. This case highlights that clinicians should actively consider mixed fungal infection as a potential aetiology of IFP in immunocompromised patients, rather than assuming a single-pathogen process.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kim2026mixed,
  title = {{Mixed Invasive Fungal Pneumonia Caused by Aspergillus, Candida, Mucor in an Immunocompromised Host}},
  author = {Taeyun Kim and Eunjoo Jung and Yohan Jeon and Hyunji Choi and Ho-Sup Lee and Tae-Won Jang and Chul-Ho Oak},
  journal = {Respirology case reports},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/rcr2.70775},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717384},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mixed Invasive Fungal Pneumonia Caused by Aspergillus, Candida, Mucor in an Immunocompromised Host
AU  - Taeyun Kim
AU  - Eunjoo Jung
AU  - Yohan Jeon
AU  - Hyunji Choi
AU  - Ho-Sup Lee
AU  - Tae-Won Jang
AU  - Chul-Ho Oak
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
JO  - Respirology case reports
DO  - 10.1002/rcr2.70775
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717384
AB  - Invasive fungal pneumonia (IFP) is a life-threatening complication in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancies. Mixed IFP are uncommon, given its substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of rapidly progressive mixed IFP caused by Aspergillus, Candida and Mucor species in a 60-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma following chemotherapy. Despite early empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy guided by serum galactomannan positivity and radiologic progression, the patient's clinical condition deteriorated. Bronchoscopy revealed extensive necrotic endobronchial lesions, and histopathologic examination confirmed simultaneous infection with three fungal pathogens. Although intensive treatment with an antifungal agent and mechanical ventilation were provided, the patient died of refractory respiratory failure within 1 week of hospitalization. This case highlights that clinicians should actively consider mixed fungal infection as a potential aetiology of IFP in immunocompromised patients, rather than assuming a single-pathogen process.
SN  - 2051-3380
ER  -