Depositional Environment and Diagenetic History of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments of the Alaska North Slope (HYDRATE 02 Geo Data Well)
6 affiliations
- 1U.S. Geological Survey , , ,
- 2National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , ,
- 3Hampshire College , , ,
- 4Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , , ,
- 5University of New Hampshire , , , ,
- 6Geotek Ltd , ,
Abstract
We characterized the lithological, solid-phase geochemical, and rock magnetic properties of sediment cores from subpermafrost strata on the Alaska North Slope collected as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security (JOGMEC), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Collaborative Gas Hydrate Research and Development (R&D) Project in Alaska. Pressure cores were recovered from the HYDRATE 02 Geo Data Well (GDW) at the Kuparuk State 7-11-12 site through two hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs, the B1 and D1 sands, and their finer-grained bounding sediments. Both the B1 and D1 sands are quartz-rich, chert-bearing, very fine litharenite sands. These submature to immature sands are poorly to moderately sorted and angular with local fine-scale cross-stratification. The B1 sand has larger grains and a lower clay content as compared to the D1 sand. These sands are the upper portions of upward coarsening progradational sequences. The clay- and silt-rich bounding muds exhibit fine-scale wavy and lenticular laminations, suggesting episodic high energy deposition events. Overall, these sediments were deposited in a shoreface to nearshore marine environment during the Paleogene, modulated by changing depositional energy associated with sea level variation. Organic matter δ13C and C/N composition of these sediments indicate a source mixture of land plants and freshwater plankton, with possible minor presence of oil within the B1 sand. These sediments contain high and variable total sulfur (TS) content, suggesting porewater conditions influenced by variable salinity over time. Rock magnetic analyses indicate precipitation of greigite in the mud beneath the D1 sand, in the basal C shale overlying the B1 sand, and the mud beneath the B1 sand, likely due to intervals of sulfate limitation during periods of lower Arctic Ocean salinity. Based on pyrite abundance, TS, and δ34S-TS composition, the D1 sand and bounding sediments experienced more substantial sulfide precipitation. The unit E basal shale overlying the D1 sand contains a 0.25 m thick pyrite-dominant sand, indicating local bottom water anoxic conditions. X-ray fluorescence scanning and discrete measurements provide additional supporting interpretation of the depositional and diagenetic processes that have occurred at this site and track the relative amount of drilling fluid contamination with barium abundance in the core samples.
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BibTeX
@article{phillips2026depositional,
title = {{Depositional Environment and Diagenetic History of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments of the Alaska North Slope (HYDRATE 02 Geo Data Well)}},
author = {Stephen C. Phillips and Sarah Widlansky and Jun Yoneda and Akihiro Hiruta and Broden A. L. Grimm and Joel E. Johnson and Amy Geist and Melanie E. Holland and Peter Schultheiss and Timothy S. Collett},
journal = {Energy \& Fuels},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c05174},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c05174},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Depositional Environment and Diagenetic History of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments of the Alaska North Slope (HYDRATE 02 Geo Data Well)
AU - Stephen C. Phillips
AU - Sarah Widlansky
AU - Jun Yoneda
AU - Akihiro Hiruta
AU - Broden A. L. Grimm
AU - Joel E. Johnson
AU - Amy Geist
AU - Melanie E. Holland
AU - Peter Schultheiss
AU - Timothy S. Collett
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/11
JO - Energy & Fuels
DO - 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c05174
UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c05174
AB - We characterized the lithological, solid-phase geochemical, and rock magnetic properties of sediment cores from subpermafrost strata on the Alaska North Slope collected as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security (JOGMEC), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Collaborative Gas Hydrate Research and Development (R&D) Project in Alaska. Pressure cores were recovered from the HYDRATE 02 Geo Data Well (GDW) at the Kuparuk State 7-11-12 site through two hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs, the B1 and D1 sands, and their finer-grained bounding sediments. Both the B1 and D1 sands are quartz-rich, chert-bearing, very fine litharenite sands. These submature to immature sands are poorly to moderately sorted and angular with local fine-scale cross-stratification. The B1 sand has larger grains and a lower clay content as compared to the D1 sand. These sands are the upper portions of upward coarsening progradational sequences. The clay- and silt-rich bounding muds exhibit fine-scale wavy and lenticular laminations, suggesting episodic high energy deposition events. Overall, these sediments were deposited in a shoreface to nearshore marine environment during the Paleogene, modulated by changing depositional energy associated with sea level variation. Organic matter δ13C and C/N composition of these sediments indicate a source mixture of land plants and freshwater plankton, with possible minor presence of oil within the B1 sand. These sediments contain high and variable total sulfur (TS) content, suggesting porewater conditions influenced by variable salinity over time. Rock magnetic analyses indicate precipitation of greigite in the mud beneath the D1 sand, in the basal C shale overlying the B1 sand, and the mud beneath the B1 sand, likely due to intervals of sulfate limitation during periods of lower Arctic Ocean salinity. Based on pyrite abundance, TS, and δ34S-TS composition, the D1 sand and bounding sediments experienced more substantial sulfide precipitation. The unit E basal shale overlying the D1 sand contains a 0.25 m thick pyrite-dominant sand, indicating local bottom water anoxic conditions. X-ray fluorescence scanning and discrete measurements provide additional supporting interpretation of the depositional and diagenetic processes that have occurred at this site and track the relative amount of drilling fluid contamination with barium abundance in the core samples.
SN - 0887-0624
SN - 1520-5029
ER -