Steady-state cooperative emission of interlayer excitons in atomically thin light-emitting diodes

Abstract

When an ensemble of emitters is confined within an optical wavelength, its radiation can become correlated, leading to cooperative emission. In two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) electron-hole bilayers, strong light-matter coupling enables the formation of interlayer excitons (IXs), long-lived dipolar excitations that provide an ideal setting for emergent collective phenomena. Here, we engineer an atomically thin light-emitting diode (LED) that generates electroluminescence (EL) from electrically injected IXs that are confined near the sample edges by an edge-enhanced fringing electric field. By measuring Hanbury-Brown-Twiss photon-photon correlations, we find pronounced signatures of collective decay in the form of large photon bunching followed by finite delay antibunching and bunching revivals. These emitter correlation signatures disappear when free charge carriers are doped to form a degenerate Fermi sea but are enhanced by the introduction of localized electrons. The results are consistent with a many-body quantum master equation that models the steady-state superradiant photon statistics of incoherently injected IXs. Our work establishes steady-state cooperative emission in a 2D TMD LED as a platform for studying strong light-matter interactions in electrically driven, non-equilibrium phases of Bose-Fermi mixtures.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{valdivia2026steadystate,
  title = {{Steady-state cooperative emission of interlayer excitons in atomically thin light-emitting diodes}},
  author = {Andrés M. Mier Valdivia and Pavel E. Dolgirev and Grace H. Chen and Nadine Leisgang and Andrew Y. Joe and Stefan Ostermann and Deepankur Thureja and Yongxin Zeng and Dapeng Ding and Daniel Rhodes and Bumho Kim and Song Liu and Takashi Taniguchi and Kenji Watanabe and James C. Hone and Susanne F. Yelin and Hongkun Park and Mikhail D. Lukin and Philip Kim},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.28304},
  eprint = {2610.28304},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28304},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Steady-state cooperative emission of interlayer excitons in atomically thin light-emitting diodes
AU  - Andrés M. Mier Valdivia
AU  - Pavel E. Dolgirev
AU  - Grace H. Chen
AU  - Nadine Leisgang
AU  - Andrew Y. Joe
AU  - Stefan Ostermann
AU  - Deepankur Thureja
AU  - Yongxin Zeng
AU  - Dapeng Ding
AU  - Daniel Rhodes
AU  - Bumho Kim
AU  - Song Liu
AU  - Takashi Taniguchi
AU  - Kenji Watanabe
AU  - James C. Hone
AU  - Susanne F. Yelin
AU  - Hongkun Park
AU  - Mikhail D. Lukin
AU  - Philip Kim
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/20
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.28304
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28304
AB  - When an ensemble of emitters is confined within an optical wavelength, its radiation can become correlated, leading to cooperative emission. In two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) electron-hole bilayers, strong light-matter coupling enables the formation of interlayer excitons (IXs), long-lived dipolar excitations that provide an ideal setting for emergent collective phenomena. Here, we engineer an atomically thin light-emitting diode (LED) that generates electroluminescence (EL) from electrically injected IXs that are confined near the sample edges by an edge-enhanced fringing electric field. By measuring Hanbury-Brown-Twiss photon-photon correlations, we find pronounced signatures of collective decay in the form of large photon bunching followed by finite delay antibunching and bunching revivals. These emitter correlation signatures disappear when free charge carriers are doped to form a degenerate Fermi sea but are enhanced by the introduction of localized electrons. The results are consistent with a many-body quantum master equation that models the steady-state superradiant photon statistics of incoherently injected IXs. Our work establishes steady-state cooperative emission in a 2D TMD LED as a platform for studying strong light-matter interactions in electrically driven, non-equilibrium phases of Bose-Fermi mixtures.
ER  -

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