Excitation of non-modal perturbations in hypersonic boundary layers by free stream forcing. Part III: effects of wall temperature and nose bluntness
Abstract
This paper constitutes Part III of a series investigating the excitation of non-modal perturbations in hypersonic blunt-nose boundary layers. Based on the numerical shock-fitting harmonic linearised Navier-Stokes (SF-HLNS) approach presented in Part I (Zhao & Dong, J. Fluid Mech. 2025, vol. 1013: A44) and the asymptotic analysis developed in Part II (Dong et al., J. Fluid Mech., under review), the present work focuses specifically on the influence of nose bluntness (Reynolds number R) and wall temperature T_w on receptivity efficiency through seven detailed case studies. Analysed via the three-step asymptotic model, the downstream perturbation amplitude is governed by two distinct factors: the stagnation vorticity perturbation, determined through shock-perturbation interaction and the slow-down convection mechanism, and the parabolic evolution of non-modal perturbations driven by the lift-up mechanism. Increasing R strongly amplifies the stagnation vorticity response, with only mild enhancement of the lift-up effect. In contrast, decreasing T_w strengthens the stagnation vorticity perturbation, but slightly weakens the lift-up effect; the net result is an overall intensification of the downstream perturbation amplitude with decreasing T_w. Furthermore, explicit scaling laws for receptivity efficiency with respect to R and T_w are established. This study completes the theoretical foundation for non-modal receptivity in hypersonic blunt boundary layers, and serves as a key step toward a physics-based transition prediction framework.
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BibTeX
@misc{zhao2026excitation,
title = {{Excitation of non-modal perturbations in hypersonic boundary layers by free stream forcing. Part III: effects of wall temperature and nose bluntness}},
author = {Lei Zhao and Mingze Sun and Qinyang Song and Ming Dong},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.04410},
eprint = {2610.04410},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04410},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Excitation of non-modal perturbations in hypersonic boundary layers by free stream forcing. Part III: effects of wall temperature and nose bluntness
AU - Lei Zhao
AU - Mingze Sun
AU - Qinyang Song
AU - Ming Dong
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/03
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.04410
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04410
AB - This paper constitutes Part III of a series investigating the excitation of non-modal perturbations in hypersonic blunt-nose boundary layers. Based on the numerical shock-fitting harmonic linearised Navier-Stokes (SF-HLNS) approach presented in Part I (Zhao & Dong, J. Fluid Mech. 2025, vol. 1013: A44) and the asymptotic analysis developed in Part II (Dong et al., J. Fluid Mech., under review), the present work focuses specifically on the influence of nose bluntness (Reynolds number R) and wall temperature T_w on receptivity efficiency through seven detailed case studies. Analysed via the three-step asymptotic model, the downstream perturbation amplitude is governed by two distinct factors: the stagnation vorticity perturbation, determined through shock-perturbation interaction and the slow-down convection mechanism, and the parabolic evolution of non-modal perturbations driven by the lift-up mechanism. Increasing R strongly amplifies the stagnation vorticity response, with only mild enhancement of the lift-up effect. In contrast, decreasing T_w strengthens the stagnation vorticity perturbation, but slightly weakens the lift-up effect; the net result is an overall intensification of the downstream perturbation amplitude with decreasing T_w. Furthermore, explicit scaling laws for receptivity efficiency with respect to R and T_w are established. This study completes the theoretical foundation for non-modal receptivity in hypersonic blunt boundary layers, and serves as a key step toward a physics-based transition prediction framework.
ER -