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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Advanced Science

Nanometer Layer Coating to Lactose Particles for Optimization of Dexamethasone Pulmonary Delivery

  • Qin Nie1,2
  • Jiahe Liu1,2
  • Xiangyu Zhao1,2
  • Siying Yang2,3
  • Han Sun1,2
  • Bingqian Jia2,3
  • Xiaohong Ren2
  • Xintao Chen4
  • Lixin Sun1
  • Li Wu2,3,5
  • Caifen Wang1,2
  • Jiwen Zhang1,2,3,4,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
  2. 2Center for Drug Delivery Systems Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
  3. 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
  4. 4Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM Ministry of Education Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang China
  5. 5China NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing China
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Abstract

Lactose (LA), the primary carrier in dry powder inhalers (DPIs), often exhibits excessive drug adhesion, which impairs aerosolization. In this study, four coating methods solid mixing, vapor deposition, suspension coating, and solution coating were evaluated to modify LA surfaces. Solution coating with leucine (Leu) proved optimal and was defined as Nanometer Layer Coating (NLC). When blended with jet‐milled dexamethasone (DEX), NLC‐LA increased the fine particle fraction from 20% to 50% and improved flowability, reducing Carr's Index to 24%. Reduced adhesion forces and increased surface smoothness of NLC‐LA were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography and atomic force microscope. Continuous Leu coverage at nanometer‐scale thickness was verified using Raman imaging, focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron radiation x‐ray microdiffraction. In vivo studies demonstrated that DEX DPI formulated with NLC‐LA enhanced bioavailability and allowed a 30‐fold dose reduction while maintaining therapeutic efficacy against high‐altitude acute lung injury. Collectively, the NLC strategy bridges fundamental surface engineering with translational DPI performance, advancing inhalation science and formulation development.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{nie2026nanometer,
  title = {{Nanometer Layer Coating to Lactose Particles for Optimization of Dexamethasone Pulmonary Delivery}},
  author = {Qin Nie and Jiahe Liu and Xiangyu Zhao and Siying Yang and Han Sun and Bingqian Jia and Xiaohong Ren and Xintao Chen and Lixin Sun and Li Wu and Caifen Wang and Jiwen Zhang},
  journal = {Advanced Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1002/advs.76929},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.76929},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Nanometer Layer Coating to Lactose Particles for Optimization of Dexamethasone Pulmonary Delivery
AU  - Qin Nie
AU  - Jiahe Liu
AU  - Xiangyu Zhao
AU  - Siying Yang
AU  - Han Sun
AU  - Bingqian Jia
AU  - Xiaohong Ren
AU  - Xintao Chen
AU  - Lixin Sun
AU  - Li Wu
AU  - Caifen Wang
AU  - Jiwen Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/03
JO  - Advanced Science
DO  - 10.1002/advs.76929
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.76929
AB  - Lactose (LA), the primary carrier in dry powder inhalers (DPIs), often exhibits excessive drug adhesion, which impairs aerosolization. In this study, four coating methods solid mixing, vapor deposition, suspension coating, and solution coating were evaluated to modify LA surfaces. Solution coating with leucine (Leu) proved optimal and was defined as Nanometer Layer Coating (NLC). When blended with jet‐milled dexamethasone (DEX), NLC‐LA increased the fine particle fraction from 20% to 50% and improved flowability, reducing Carr's Index to 24%. Reduced adhesion forces and increased surface smoothness of NLC‐LA were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography and atomic force microscope. Continuous Leu coverage at nanometer‐scale thickness was verified using Raman imaging, focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and synchrotron radiation x‐ray microdiffraction. In vivo studies demonstrated that DEX DPI formulated with NLC‐LA enhanced bioavailability and allowed a 30‐fold dose reduction while maintaining therapeutic efficacy against high‐altitude acute lung injury. Collectively, the NLC strategy bridges fundamental surface engineering with translational DPI performance, advancing inhalation science and formulation development.
SN  - 2198-3844
ER  -