Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0ACS Omega13 Oct 2026

Highly Stable PLA/Gelatin Bionanocomposites for Enhanced Delivery of Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine for Photodynamic Therapy against SK-MEL-28 Cells

Janicy A. Carvalho¹
Jéssica A. R. Ambrósio¹
Milton Beltrame Junior¹
Vitor L. M. Marmo¹
Leandro J. Raniero¹
Lucas F. Lyra¹
Kumiko K. Sakane¹
Juliana G. Pinto¹
Tassia J. Martins¹
Juliana Ferreira-Strixino¹
Andreza R. Simioni¹

¹Universidade do Vale do Paraíba , , ,

Abstract

This study reports the development of a biodegradable poly(lactic acid) and gelatin (nPLA-G) bionanocomposite as a drug delivery system for chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Using a hybrid desolvation/emulsification technique, we engineered spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 753.3 nm and a positive zeta potential of +8.90 mV. ClAlPc-loaded nanoparticles (nPLA-G/ClAlPc) were prepared using the same process, with a mean diameter of 809.3 nm and a zeta potential of +16.10 mV. The system achieved an exceptional encapsulation efficiency of 90.89% and maintained colloidal stability for over 270 days. In vitro assays showed a pH-dependent release profile, optimizing drug availability in tumoral microenvironments. The nPLA-G/ClAlPc system showed no dark toxicity but reached 97% cytotoxicity in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells upon light activation (1.0 μmol L–1). These preliminary results demonstrate that the bionanocomposite effectively overcomes ClAlPc hydrophobicity, serving as a promising drug delivery system with preliminary photodynamic efficacy in vitro.

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Cite

BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@article{carvalho2026highly,
  title = {{Highly Stable PLA/Gelatin Bionanocomposites for Enhanced Delivery of Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine for Photodynamic Therapy against SK-MEL-28 Cells}},
  author = {Janicy A. Carvalho and Jéssica A. R. Ambrósio and Milton Beltrame Junior and Vitor L. M. Marmo and Leandro J. Raniero and Lucas F. Lyra and Kumiko K. Sakane and Juliana G. Pinto and Tassia J. Martins and Juliana Ferreira-Strixino and Andreza R. Simioni},
  journal = {ACS Omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c05499},
  url = {https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/42/64825/5450451/Highly-Stable-PLA-Gelatin-Bionanocomposites-for},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Highly Stable PLA/Gelatin Bionanocomposites for Enhanced Delivery of Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine for Photodynamic Therapy against SK-MEL-28 Cells
AU  - Janicy A. Carvalho
AU  - Jéssica A. R. Ambrósio
AU  - Milton Beltrame Junior
AU  - Vitor L. M. Marmo
AU  - Leandro J. Raniero
AU  - Lucas F. Lyra
AU  - Kumiko K. Sakane
AU  - Juliana G. Pinto
AU  - Tassia J. Martins
AU  - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
AU  - Andreza R. Simioni
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/13
JO  - ACS Omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c05499
UR  - https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/42/64825/5450451/Highly-Stable-PLA-Gelatin-Bionanocomposites-for
AB  - This study reports the development of a biodegradable poly(lactic acid) and gelatin (nPLA-G) bionanocomposite as a drug delivery system for chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Using a hybrid desolvation/emulsification technique, we engineered spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 753.3 nm and a positive zeta potential of +8.90 mV. ClAlPc-loaded nanoparticles (nPLA-G/ClAlPc) were prepared using the same process, with a mean diameter of 809.3 nm and a zeta potential of +16.10 mV. The system achieved an exceptional encapsulation efficiency of 90.89% and maintained colloidal stability for over 270 days. In vitro assays showed a pH-dependent release profile, optimizing drug availability in tumoral microenvironments. The nPLA-G/ClAlPc system showed no dark toxicity but reached 97% cytotoxicity in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells upon light activation (1.0 μmol L–1). These preliminary results demonstrate that the bionanocomposite effectively overcomes ClAlPc hydrophobicity, serving as a promising drug delivery system with preliminary photodynamic efficacy in vitro.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -

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