Why the Universe Decelerates: Mass Growth as the Cause of Negative Acceleration in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics

Abstract

We show that in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics (NED), the present cosmic acceleration is

negative, and identify the physical cause: the growth of cosmic mass consumes the Planck-

scale repulsive force, leaving a negative residual for acceleration. Starting from the equation

of motion

M′

v + M a = F0,

we obtain

a =

F0 − M′R˙

Using the exact mass scaling M &prop; R(R−ℓp) and the matter-dominated expansion R &prop; t

2/3

we find

M′R˙

> 1.

Therefore,

a = −

< 0.

The universe decelerates because mass growth consumes 4/3 of the repulsive force, leaving

−1/3 for acceleration. This result requires no dark energy. It is a falsifiable prediction in

direct conflict with the standard interpretation of Type Ia supernovae, CMB, and BAO. We

discuss the physical interpretation and the observational test.

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Cite

BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{ueda2026universe,
  title = {{Why the Universe Decelerates: Mass Growth as the Cause of Negative Acceleration in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics}},
  author = {takashi ueda},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23447644},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/records/23447644},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Why the Universe Decelerates: Mass Growth as the Cause of Negative Acceleration in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics
AU  - takashi ueda
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/18
PB  - Zenodo
DO  - 10.5281/zenodo.23447644
UR  - https://zenodo.org/records/23447644
AB  - We show that in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics (NED), the present cosmic acceleration is  negative, and identify the physical cause: the growth of cosmic mass consumes the Planck-  scale repulsive force, leaving a negative residual for acceleration. Starting from the equation  of motion  M′  v + M a = F0,  we obtain  a =  F0 − M′R˙  M  .  Using the exact mass scaling M &prop; R(R−ℓp) and the matter-dominated expansion R &prop; t  2/3  ,  we find  M′R˙  F0  =  4  3  > 1.  Therefore,  a = −  F0  3M  < 0.  The universe decelerates because mass growth consumes 4/3 of the repulsive force, leaving  −1/3 for acceleration. This result requires no dark energy. It is a falsifiable prediction in  direct conflict with the standard interpretation of Type Ia supernovae, CMB, and BAO. We  discuss the physical interpretation and the observational test.
ER  -

Abstract

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