An In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Acidogenicity of Several Alcoholic and Non‐Alcoholic Beverages
- 1Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Clinical Dentistry University of Padua Padua Italy
- 2Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- 3Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the acidogenic potential of selected alcoholic and non‐alcoholic beverages using complementary in vitro (initial pH and titratable acidity) and in vivo (tooth‐surface pH after exposure) methods. Materials and Methods Two sparkling wines (traditional and tank method), red wine, white wine, an alcoholic soft drink, a non‐alcoholic soft drink, pilsner beer, and orange juice were examined. In vitro, initial pH and titratable acidity were measured at room temperature (22°C). In vivo, 19 healthy adults held 10 mL of each selected beverage intraorally for 1 min, after which tooth‐surface pH was recorded at predefined time points for up to 30 min using a microelectrode. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results In vitro, the non‐alcoholic soft drink had the lowest initial pH and beer the highest. Orange juice and sparkling wine produced by the traditional method showed the greatest titratable acidity. All beverages except water caused an immediate in vivo pH decrease, followed by recovery toward baseline within 10–15 min. The lowest mean tooth‐surface pH was 6.2 for the traditional‐method sparkling wine. Conclusions Alcoholic and non‐alcoholic beverages differed substantially in their acidogenic properties. Salivary buffering promoted rapid pH recovery, but beverages with high titratable acidity, particularly traditional‐method sparkling wine and orange juice, produced a more sustained acid challenge. Because this study measured short‐term pH responses rather than dental hard‐tissue loss, the findings should be interpreted as indicators of acidogenicity rather than direct measures of erosive damage.
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BibTeX
@article{guazzo2026vitro,
title = {{An In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Acidogenicity of Several Alcoholic and Non‐Alcoholic Beverages}},
author = {Riccardo Guazzo and Eriberto Bressan and Anna Lehrkinder and Guglielmo Campus and Edoardo Stellini and Cristiano Tomasi and Peter Lingström},
journal = {Clinical and Experimental Dental Research},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1002/cre2.70462},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70462},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - An In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Acidogenicity of Several Alcoholic and Non‐Alcoholic Beverages
AU - Riccardo Guazzo
AU - Eriberto Bressan
AU - Anna Lehrkinder
AU - Guglielmo Campus
AU - Edoardo Stellini
AU - Cristiano Tomasi
AU - Peter Lingström
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Clinical and Experimental Dental Research
DO - 10.1002/cre2.70462
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70462
AB - Objectives This study evaluated the acidogenic potential of selected alcoholic and non‐alcoholic beverages using complementary in vitro (initial pH and titratable acidity) and in vivo (tooth‐surface pH after exposure) methods. Materials and Methods Two sparkling wines (traditional and tank method), red wine, white wine, an alcoholic soft drink, a non‐alcoholic soft drink, pilsner beer, and orange juice were examined. In vitro, initial pH and titratable acidity were measured at room temperature (22°C). In vivo, 19 healthy adults held 10 mL of each selected beverage intraorally for 1 min, after which tooth‐surface pH was recorded at predefined time points for up to 30 min using a microelectrode. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with post‐hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results In vitro, the non‐alcoholic soft drink had the lowest initial pH and beer the highest. Orange juice and sparkling wine produced by the traditional method showed the greatest titratable acidity. All beverages except water caused an immediate in vivo pH decrease, followed by recovery toward baseline within 10–15 min. The lowest mean tooth‐surface pH was 6.2 for the traditional‐method sparkling wine. Conclusions Alcoholic and non‐alcoholic beverages differed substantially in their acidogenic properties. Salivary buffering promoted rapid pH recovery, but beverages with high titratable acidity, particularly traditional‐method sparkling wine and orange juice, produced a more sustained acid challenge. Because this study measured short‐term pH responses rather than dental hard‐tissue loss, the findings should be interpreted as indicators of acidogenicity rather than direct measures of erosive damage.
SN - 2057-4347
ER -