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Peer-reviewedCC BYCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

Temporal brain dynamics and fluid reasoning after extreme prematurity.

  • Nelly Padilla1
  • Anira Escrichs2
  • Elvira Del Agua2
  • Morten Kringelbach3,4
  • Antonio Donaire5,6
  • Gustavo Deco2,7,8,9
  • Ulrika Åden1,10,11
11 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden.
  2. 2Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, 08018, Barcelona, Spain.
  3. 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Ln, Oxford OX3 7JX, Storbritannien, United Kingdom.
  4. 4Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University Hospital Nørrebrogade 44, Building 10G, 4th and 5th floor, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
  5. 5Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona and Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
  6. 6Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  7. 7School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
  8. 8Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
  9. 9Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
  10. 10Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Eugeniavägen 23, SE-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
  11. 11Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Campus US, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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Abstract

Extremely preterm (EPT) birth (<28 weeks' gestation) disrupts brain maturation and increases later neurodevelopmental and mental health vulnerability. Temporal irreversibility quantifies directional brain dynamics, capturing the temporal organization of brain function. We examined whether EPT birth alters temporal irreversibility at 10 years and its association with cognition at 12 years. Resting-state functional MRI was acquired at 10 years of age in 33 children born EPT and 26 term-born controls. At 12 years of age, 29 children born EPT and 21 term-born controls underwent cognitive assessment using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth edition (WISC-V). Temporal irreversibility was quantified globally, across large-scale functional networks (visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, salience, limbic, control, and default mode [DMN]), and at the node level using the INSIDEOUT framework. Children born EPT showed reduced temporal irreversibility globally and in higher-order association networks (control and DMN, P < 0.01; dorsal attention and salience, P < 0.05). Node-level analyses identified two association-network parcels that remained significant after false discovery rate correction (left precuneus and right dorsomedial frontal cortices). Within the EPT group, fluid reasoning was the only WISC-V domain significantly associated with temporal irreversibility, with higher global irreversibility associated with poorer fluid reasoning. These findings may inform future neurodevelopmental monitoring and intervention strategies after prematurity.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{padilla2026temporal,
  title = {{Temporal brain dynamics and fluid reasoning after extreme prematurity.}},
  author = {Nelly Padilla and Anira Escrichs and Elvira Del Agua and Morten Kringelbach and Antonio Donaire and Gustavo Deco and Ulrika Åden},
  journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhag174},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894380},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Temporal brain dynamics and fluid reasoning after extreme prematurity.
AU  - Nelly Padilla
AU  - Anira Escrichs
AU  - Elvira Del Agua
AU  - Morten Kringelbach
AU  - Antonio Donaire
AU  - Gustavo Deco
AU  - Ulrika Åden
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
DO  - 10.1093/cercor/bhag174
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894380
AB  - Extremely preterm (EPT) birth (<28 weeks' gestation) disrupts brain maturation and increases later neurodevelopmental and mental health vulnerability. Temporal irreversibility quantifies directional brain dynamics, capturing the temporal organization of brain function. We examined whether EPT birth alters temporal irreversibility at 10 years and its association with cognition at 12 years. Resting-state functional MRI was acquired at 10 years of age in 33 children born EPT and 26 term-born controls. At 12 years of age, 29 children born EPT and 21 term-born controls underwent cognitive assessment using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth edition (WISC-V). Temporal irreversibility was quantified globally, across large-scale functional networks (visual, somatomotor, dorsal attention, salience, limbic, control, and default mode [DMN]), and at the node level using the INSIDEOUT framework. Children born EPT showed reduced temporal irreversibility globally and in higher-order association networks (control and DMN, P < 0.01; dorsal attention and salience, P < 0.05). Node-level analyses identified two association-network parcels that remained significant after false discovery rate correction (left precuneus and right dorsomedial frontal cortices). Within the EPT group, fluid reasoning was the only WISC-V domain significantly associated with temporal irreversibility, with higher global irreversibility associated with poorer fluid reasoning. These findings may inform future neurodevelopmental monitoring and intervention strategies after prematurity.
SN  - 1047-3211
SN  - 1460-2199
ER  -