Enhanced mitochondrial respiratory metabolism in UV-damaged HDF cells based on metabolomics analysis of fermented Galla rhois gallnut extract
- 1Proya International Academy of Sciences, Proya Cosmetics Co. Ltd
- 2Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University
Abstract
UV-induced photoaging disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis in skin cells, which in turn exacerbates skin aging. In this study, we developed a novel fermented Galla rhois gallnut extract (FGRE) using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with mitochondrial respiratory homeostasis amelioration. Biochemical assays showed that FGRE exhibited stronger antioxidant and anti-elastase activities than the unfermented extract. Using Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test, 1% FGRE significantly enhanced mitochondrial respiratory function in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells compared to that with the unfermented extract. In addition, 1% FGRE increased the ATP content and NAD ⁺ /NADH ratio and regulated the transcription level of fusion and fission genes in UVA-induced HDFs. Furthermore, the non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that differential metabolites were predominantly enriched in amino acid metabolic pathways, and 24 differential metabolites were putatively identified. Among these, the differential metabolites leucinic acid, urolithin A, and urolithin M5 were quantitatively determined. Notably, 1 μg/mL leucinic acid (equivalent to the concentration in 1% FGRE) ameliorated mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and promoted the ATP production in UV-induced HDFs. Therefore, leucinic acid was considered as one of the potentially bioactive metabolites of FGRE.
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BibTeX
@article{wu2026enhanced,
title = {{Enhanced mitochondrial respiratory metabolism in UV-damaged HDF cells based on metabolomics analysis of fermented Galla rhois gallnut extract}},
author = {Jiaying Wu and Ning Wang and Denghui Chen and Yi Zhang and Jingxia Sun and Xiao Zhang and Guanlin Li and Xiang Li and Hu Huang},
journal = {Frontiers in Pharmacology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2026.1922913},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1922913/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Enhanced mitochondrial respiratory metabolism in UV-damaged HDF cells based on metabolomics analysis of fermented Galla rhois gallnut extract
AU - Jiaying Wu
AU - Ning Wang
AU - Denghui Chen
AU - Yi Zhang
AU - Jingxia Sun
AU - Xiao Zhang
AU - Guanlin Li
AU - Xiang Li
AU - Hu Huang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/27
JO - Frontiers in Pharmacology
DO - 10.3389/fphar.2026.1922913
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1922913/full
AB - UV-induced photoaging disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis in skin cells, which in turn exacerbates skin aging. In this study, we developed a novel fermented Galla rhois gallnut extract (FGRE) using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with mitochondrial respiratory homeostasis amelioration. Biochemical assays showed that FGRE exhibited stronger antioxidant and anti-elastase activities than the unfermented extract. Using Seahorse XF Cell Mito Stress Test, 1% FGRE significantly enhanced mitochondrial respiratory function in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells compared to that with the unfermented extract. In addition, 1% FGRE increased the ATP content and NAD ⁺ /NADH ratio and regulated the transcription level of fusion and fission genes in UVA-induced HDFs. Furthermore, the non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that differential metabolites were predominantly enriched in amino acid metabolic pathways, and 24 differential metabolites were putatively identified. Among these, the differential metabolites leucinic acid, urolithin A, and urolithin M5 were quantitatively determined. Notably, 1 μg/mL leucinic acid (equivalent to the concentration in 1% FGRE) ameliorated mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and promoted the ATP production in UV-induced HDFs. Therefore, leucinic acid was considered as one of the potentially bioactive metabolites of FGRE.
SN - 1663-9812
ER -