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Peer-reviewedCC BYBMC public health

Indicator system for regional public health emergency response capacity based on ternary space theory: construction and empirical study in China.

  • Jian Wu1,2
  • Zi-An Zhou3
  • Dong-Fu Qian4,5
  • Meng-Bing Du6
  • Jing Yang7,8
8 affiliations
  1. 1Laboratory for Digital Intelligence & Health Governance, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China. [email protected].
  2. 2School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China. [email protected].
  3. 3Institute of Strategic Studies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
  4. 4Laboratory for Digital Intelligence & Health Governance, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
  5. 5School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
  6. 6School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
  7. 7Laboratory for Digital Intelligence & Health Governance, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China. [email protected].
  8. 8School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China. [email protected].
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Abstract

Background

Establishing a comprehensive national public health emergency management system is essential for ensuring population health. However, pronounced disparities in economic development and healthcare resources among China's provinces have led to heterogeneous public health emergency response capabilities, highlighting the need for an evaluation framework that incorporates region-specific features.Methods

Based on the ternary space theory, an indicator system was constructed across physical, social, and information dimensions. Provincial panel data from 2013 to 2021 were analyzed using game theory-based combination weighting and TOPSIS methods. SHAP analysis was employed to identify key influencing factors.Results

Emergency response capacity improved overall but exhibited significant spatial variation, with eastern regions outperforming western areas, and a structural imbalance whereby pre-preparation in most provinces lagged behind response and recovery capacities. Regional economic development and transportation infrastructure density were identified as the most critical determinants.Conclusions

The findings emphasize the necessity of optimizing resource allocation, enhancing medical agglomeration in underserved regions, and strengthening transportation networks to mitigate regional disparities and improve national public health resilience.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wu2026indicator,
  title = {{Indicator system for regional public health emergency response capacity based on ternary space theory: construction and empirical study in China.}},
  author = {Jian Wu and Zi-An Zhou and Dong-Fu Qian and Meng-Bing Du and Jing Yang},
  journal = {BMC public health},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1186/s12889-026-28703-4},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/43009878},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Indicator system for regional public health emergency response capacity based on ternary space theory: construction and empirical study in China.
AU  - Jian Wu
AU  - Zi-An Zhou
AU  - Dong-Fu Qian
AU  - Meng-Bing Du
AU  - Jing Yang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/01
JO  - BMC public health
DO  - 10.1186/s12889-026-28703-4
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/43009878
AB  - Background  Establishing a comprehensive national public health emergency management system is essential for ensuring population health. However, pronounced disparities in economic development and healthcare resources among China's provinces have led to heterogeneous public health emergency response capabilities, highlighting the need for an evaluation framework that incorporates region-specific features.Methods  Based on the ternary space theory, an indicator system was constructed across physical, social, and information dimensions. Provincial panel data from 2013 to 2021 were analyzed using game theory-based combination weighting and TOPSIS methods. SHAP analysis was employed to identify key influencing factors.Results  Emergency response capacity improved overall but exhibited significant spatial variation, with eastern regions outperforming western areas, and a structural imbalance whereby pre-preparation in most provinces lagged behind response and recovery capacities. Regional economic development and transportation infrastructure density were identified as the most critical determinants.Conclusions  The findings emphasize the necessity of optimizing resource allocation, enhancing medical agglomeration in underserved regions, and strengthening transportation networks to mitigate regional disparities and improve national public health resilience.
SN  - 1471-2458
ER  -