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Peer-reviewedCC BYNano Research

Diameter as a control knob: Tuning magnetic states and collective dynamics in FeCo nanowire arrays for self-biased microwave devices

  • Hui Zheng1
  • Youyi Lan1
  • Yizhi Liu1
  • Zhongcai Wu1
  • Yanhui Wu2
  • Longjiang Deng3
  1. 1Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and NanoDevices , Department of Electronics Science and Technology , Hangzhou Dianzi University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
  2. 2Ninth Institute , China Electronics Technology Group , Mianyang 621000 , China
  3. 3National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , China
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Abstract

FeCo alloy nanowires exhibit high saturation magnetization and tunable anisotropy, making them attractive for self-biased microwave devices. However, their magnetic performance is limited by magnetostatic interactions and multi-domain states that degrade coercivity and remanence squareness. This work demonstrates that nanowire diameter directly governs this magnetic complexity. Using experiment and micromagnetic simulation on electrodeposited Fe67Co33 nanowire arrays, we revealed a sharp transition from multi-domain to single-domain configurations below 30 nm. This transition was visualized by scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. First-order reversal curve analysis quantifies a significant reduction in inter-wire magnetostatic coupling with decreasing diameter, indicating improved magnetic uniformity. Dynamic simulations show that larger diameters introduce multi-domain resonance modes and enhance inter-wire coupling, leading to complex collective behavior. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy provides key material parameters, including gyromagnetic ratio, Gilbert damping constant, and saturation magnetization derived from an effective field model. These results establish that precise diameter control below 30 nm optimizes individual nanowire properties while suppressing array-level coupling, resulting in enhanced coercivity and a stable single-domain state. As a demonstration, a Y-junction circulator based on these nanowire arrays shows promising microwave performance. This work offers a materials-oriented roadmap for engineering high-performance self-biased magnetic devices.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zheng2026diameter,
  title = {{Diameter as a control knob: Tuning magnetic states and collective dynamics in FeCo nanowire arrays for self-biased microwave devices}},
  author = {Hui Zheng and Youyi Lan and Yizhi Liu and Zhongcai Wu and Yanhui Wu and Longjiang Deng},
  journal = {Nano Research},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.26599/nr.2026.94908911},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.26599/nr.2026.94908911},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Diameter as a control knob: Tuning magnetic states and collective dynamics in FeCo nanowire arrays for self-biased microwave devices
AU  - Hui Zheng
AU  - Youyi Lan
AU  - Yizhi Liu
AU  - Zhongcai Wu
AU  - Yanhui Wu
AU  - Longjiang Deng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/09
JO  - Nano Research
DO  - 10.26599/nr.2026.94908911
UR  - https://doi.org/10.26599/nr.2026.94908911
AB  - FeCo alloy nanowires exhibit high saturation magnetization and tunable anisotropy, making them attractive for self-biased microwave devices. However, their magnetic performance is limited by magnetostatic interactions and multi-domain states that degrade coercivity and remanence squareness. This work demonstrates that nanowire diameter directly governs this magnetic complexity. Using experiment and micromagnetic simulation on electrodeposited Fe67Co33 nanowire arrays, we revealed a sharp transition from multi-domain to single-domain configurations below 30 nm. This transition was visualized by scanning nitrogen-vacancy magnetometry and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. First-order reversal curve analysis quantifies a significant reduction in inter-wire magnetostatic coupling with decreasing diameter, indicating improved magnetic uniformity. Dynamic simulations show that larger diameters introduce multi-domain resonance modes and enhance inter-wire coupling, leading to complex collective behavior. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy provides key material parameters, including gyromagnetic ratio, Gilbert damping constant, and saturation magnetization derived from an effective field model. These results establish that precise diameter control below 30 nm optimizes individual nanowire properties while suppressing array-level coupling, resulting in enhanced coercivity and a stable single-domain state. As a demonstration, a Y-junction circulator based on these nanowire arrays shows promising microwave performance. This work offers a materials-oriented roadmap for engineering high-performance self-biased magnetic devices.
SN  - 1998-0000
SN  - 1998-0124
ER  -