Skip to content
DraconiticResearch
Search Sources API
203,952 studies31 sourcesUpdated 39 min ago
Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Encapsulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into metal–organic frameworks for selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of carbaryl residue in water samples

  • Nor Khairun Bariah Kamaruddin1
  • Adila Mohamad Jaafar2,3
  • Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak4,5
  • Suhaila Sapari6
  • Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad1,2
6 affiliations
  1. 1Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
  2. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
  3. 3Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
  4. 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
  5. 5Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  6. 6Pusat Pengajian Kimia dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains Gunaan, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
Read full textPDFDOICite

Abstract

This study presents the development of an AChE@ZIF-8 composite biosensor using a gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) probe as a naked-eye signal readout platform for the sensitive detection of carbamate pesticides. As a biomarker for carbaryl monitoring, we present the encapsulation of acetylcholinesterase within zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (AChE@ZIF-8) to enhance its stability without losing its intended functions. In this research, synthesis work of AChE@ZIF-8 was carried out using a biomineralization approach and characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Computational modelling using Gaussian 16 was employed to provide qualitative electronic insight into the system. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of AChE within the ZIF-8 matrix was found to be 97.60%, which indicates highly effective enzyme loading and confirms the suitability of ZIF-8 as a robust carrier for enzyme immobilization. Acetylcholine (ACh) is catalysed by acetylcholinesterase to produce choline, which results in gold nanoparticles aggregating and a corresponding colour change. Under optimal conditions (temperature: 37 °C, buffer pH: 7.6, incubation time: 20 min, and ACh concentration: 4 mmol/L), the colour change can be employed for the detection of carbamate pesticides at low concentrations, with rapid sensitivity for carbaryl detection at a detection limit of 4.95 nM, and shows consistent performance in the analysis of spiked real water samples, achieving recoveries of 92.2–103.3%. AChE@ZIF-8 exhibits strong stability during biological storage, making it feasible for on-site carbaryl detection and showing great potential for wider applications in water pollutant monitoring.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-026-06729-2.

Related

  1. Distribution of voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase mutations in Bemisia tabaci species from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Olivier Likiti Kola, Christophe Simiand, Hadija Mussa Ally +6
    Infection, Genetics and EvolutionPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Full textMolecular biology & gene regulationHAL
  2. A Colorimetric Approach to Identifying Single-Nucleotide Mutations Using Gold-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles
    Anna Epanchintseva, Julia Shyiskaya, Julia Poletaeva +5
    International journal of molecular sciencesPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textGeneral biochemistryEurope PMCCrossref
  3. Colorimetric Detection of Indoxyl Sulfate With Sodium Hypochlorite Pentahydrate Analyzed by Spectrophotometry and ESI-MS.
    Taeko Nakagawa, Kazuaki Ohara, Kentaro Yamaguchi +1
    International journal of analytical chemistryPeer-reviewedCC BYFull textMolecular biology & gene regulationEurope PMCPMC
  4. Engineering a Single-Plasmid Dual-Pigment Escherichia coli Biosensor for Simultaneous Colorimetric Detection of Pb(II) and Hg(II)
    Zhaobo Hu, Yan Guo, Peishuo Cao +6
    ACS OmegaPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Full textMolecular biology & gene regulationCrossrefEurope PMC
  5. Colorimetric Detection of the vanA Gene in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Hydroxy Naphthol Blue
    Sawanya Pongparit, Kantima Choosang, Bajaree Jantrapanukorn +8
    International Journal of Molecular SciencesPeer-reviewedCC BY 4.0General biochemistryCrossref

Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kamaruddin2026encapsulating,
  title = {{Encapsulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into metal–organic frameworks for selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of carbaryl residue in water samples}},
  author = {Nor Khairun Bariah Kamaruddin and Adila Mohamad Jaafar and Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak and Suhaila Sapari and Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad},
  journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1007/s00216-026-06729-2},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-026-06729-2},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Encapsulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into metal–organic frameworks for selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of carbaryl residue in water samples
AU  - Nor Khairun Bariah Kamaruddin
AU  - Adila Mohamad Jaafar
AU  - Fazira Ilyana Abdul Razak
AU  - Suhaila Sapari
AU  - Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/12
JO  - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
DO  - 10.1007/s00216-026-06729-2
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-026-06729-2
AB  - This study presents the development of an AChE@ZIF-8 composite biosensor using a gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) probe as a naked-eye signal readout platform for the sensitive detection of carbamate pesticides. As a biomarker for carbaryl monitoring, we present the encapsulation of acetylcholinesterase within zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (AChE@ZIF-8) to enhance its stability without losing its intended functions. In this research, synthesis work of AChE@ZIF-8 was carried out using a biomineralization approach and characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Computational modelling using Gaussian 16 was employed to provide qualitative electronic insight into the system. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of AChE within the ZIF-8 matrix was found to be 97.60%, which indicates highly effective enzyme loading and confirms the suitability of ZIF-8 as a robust carrier for enzyme immobilization. Acetylcholine (ACh) is catalysed by acetylcholinesterase to produce choline, which results in gold nanoparticles aggregating and a corresponding colour change. Under optimal conditions (temperature: 37 °C, buffer pH: 7.6, incubation time: 20 min, and ACh concentration: 4 mmol/L), the colour change can be employed for the detection of carbamate pesticides at low concentrations, with rapid sensitivity for carbaryl detection at a detection limit of 4.95 nM, and shows consistent performance in the analysis of spiked real water samples, achieving recoveries of 92.2–103.3%. AChE@ZIF-8 exhibits strong stability during biological storage, making it feasible for on-site carbaryl detection and showing great potential for wider applications in water pollutant monitoring.  Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-026-06729-2.
SN  - 1618-2642
SN  - 1618-2650
ER  -