Skip to content
DraconiticResearch
Search Sources API
203,234 studies31 sourcesUpdated 22 min ago
Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

Outcomes of Simultaneous Three- or Four-Horizontal Muscle Surgery for Very Large-Angle Convergence Insufficiency-Type and Basic-Type Exotropia.

  • Ayaka Yagasaki1
  • Teiji Yagasaki1
  • Kazuo Ichikawa2
  1. 1Yagasaki Eye Clinic, Ichinomiya, Aichi, Japan.
  2. 2Chukyo Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
Read full textPDFDOICite

Abstract

Purpose

We investigated the outcomes of simultaneous three- or four-horizontal muscle surgery for very large-angle exotropia (> 60 prism diopters [Δ]).Subjects and methods

This retrospective study included 24 patients (16 with convergence insufficiency-type and 8 with basic-type exotropia). The deviation angle was measured using the alternate prism and cover test, and stereopsis was evaluated. Patients were classified into three groups (F: ≤ 60 arcsec ("), C: 60"<, and N: nil stereoacuity). A successful motor outcome was defined as ≤ 10Δ of orthotropia. Pre- and postoperative results were compared.Results

Mean preoperative exodeviation at distance and near were 75.2 ± 13.0Δ and 89.2 ± 18.0Δ, respectively. Mean age at surgery was 47.8 ± 16.5 years, and mean follow-up period was 3.6 ± 4.2 years. Thirteen and 11 patients underwent four- and three-muscle surgeries, respectively. The mean distant and near deviations at 3 months postoperatively and at the final visit were 5.3 ± 10.4Δ and 8.4 ± 9.5Δ, 5.5 ± 8.6Δ and 9.4 ± 9.0Δ, respectively. No differences were found in the near and distant deviations between the two time points. The motor success rates at both time points were 63%. Stereopsis at the final visit improved significantly from F:4%, C:38%, and N:58% before surgery to F:38%, C:50% and N:13% at the final visit (P = 0.002, McNemar-Bowker test).Conclusions

Three- or four-horizontal muscle surgeries for very large-angle exotropia are effective in achieving favorable motor outcomes and stereopsis.

Related

  1. Selective compartmental plication in small-angle convergence insufficiency exotropia: surgical outcomes and predictive model.
    Juan Ding, Pin Zhu, Liping Chen +3
    BMC ophthalmologyPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMCPMC
  2. Motor alignment and sensory outcomes in pediatric patients with basic-type intermittent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus recession versus unilateral recession-resection.
    Merve Simsek, Mehmet Cem Sabaner, Nida Yunlu +3
    BMC ophthalmologyPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMCDOAJ
  3. Surgical Outcomes for Intermittent Exotropia in a Tertiary Hospital in Manila, Philippines.
    Pierre Aldwin L Arceo, Alvina Pauline D Santiago, Aramis B Torrefranca
    Acta medica PhilippinaPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMCPMC
  4. Effects of myopia control interventions on myopia progression and strabismus-related outcomes in children with intermittent exotropia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
    Xin Yu, Yongrui Wang, Min Chang +2
    BMJ OpenPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Full textEpidemiology & public healthCrossrefPMC
  5. Proteomic and metabolomic correlates of sociodemographic factors and their associations with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort
    Insa M. Schmidt, Aditya Surapaneni, Ashish Verma +10
    American journal of preventive cardiologyPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMC

Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yagasaki2026outcomes,
  title = {{Outcomes of Simultaneous Three- or Four-Horizontal Muscle Surgery for Very Large-Angle Convergence Insufficiency-Type and Basic-Type Exotropia.}},
  author = {Ayaka Yagasaki and Teiji Yagasaki and Kazuo Ichikawa},
  journal = {Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.2147/opth.s643692},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898777},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Outcomes of Simultaneous Three- or Four-Horizontal Muscle Surgery for Very Large-Angle Convergence Insufficiency-Type and Basic-Type Exotropia.
AU  - Ayaka Yagasaki
AU  - Teiji Yagasaki
AU  - Kazuo Ichikawa
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/13
JO  - Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
DO  - 10.2147/opth.s643692
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898777
AB  - Purpose  We investigated the outcomes of simultaneous three- or four-horizontal muscle surgery for very large-angle exotropia (> 60 prism diopters [Δ]).Subjects and methods  This retrospective study included 24 patients (16 with convergence insufficiency-type and 8 with basic-type exotropia). The deviation angle was measured using the alternate prism and cover test, and stereopsis was evaluated. Patients were classified into three groups (F: ≤ 60 arcsec ("), C: 60"<, and N: nil stereoacuity). A successful motor outcome was defined as ≤ 10Δ of orthotropia. Pre- and postoperative results were compared.Results  Mean preoperative exodeviation at distance and near were 75.2 ± 13.0Δ and 89.2 ± 18.0Δ, respectively. Mean age at surgery was 47.8 ± 16.5 years, and mean follow-up period was 3.6 ± 4.2 years. Thirteen and 11 patients underwent four- and three-muscle surgeries, respectively. The mean distant and near deviations at 3 months postoperatively and at the final visit were 5.3 ± 10.4Δ and 8.4 ± 9.5Δ, 5.5 ± 8.6Δ and 9.4 ± 9.0Δ, respectively. No differences were found in the near and distant deviations between the two time points. The motor success rates at both time points were 63%. Stereopsis at the final visit improved significantly from F:4%, C:38%, and N:58% before surgery to F:38%, C:50% and N:13% at the final visit (P = 0.002, McNemar-Bowker test).Conclusions  Three- or four-horizontal muscle surgeries for very large-angle exotropia are effective in achieving favorable motor outcomes and stereopsis.
SN  - 1177-5467
SN  - 1177-5483
ER  -